414 AGRICULTURAL REPORT. 
in Kansas, Rocky Mountains, California, and Minnesota, and the Indians 
hold the fruit in as high estimation as more civilized persons. 
Wintergreen, (Gaultheria procumbens.)—The spicy berries of this plant 
are eaten by the Indians of Michigan and Wisconsin. 
Honeysuckle, (Lonicera involucrata.)—This plant grows in damp places 
in the Cascade Mountains. The Indians residing there eat the fruit, 
which is sometimes called bearberry. It is also eaten by the Indians 
of Alaska. 
Honeysuckle, or Twinberry, (Lonicera ciliata,) grows abundantly in 
the mountains of Oregon and Alaska, is considered good to eat by the 
hunter, and is much used by the aborigines. 
One-flowered pipsissewa, (Moneses uniflora,) grows in Alaska. The 
fruit, often called moss berries, is used as food. The yield of the berries 
is scant, however. 
Crab apple (Pyrus coronaria, Fig. 1, plate 5) grows in the Cascade 
Mountains and in Alaska. Specimens are in the Department of Agri- 
culture, collected in latitude 54° 45’ north, longitude 130° 41’ west, 
presented by ‘T. A. Henriques, of the United States revenue steamer 
Lincoin. 
Wild cherry, (Cerasus Virginiana.)—Commonly called choke-cherries. 
This fruit is used both fresh and dry, and in the latter condition is often 
mixed with meat, pounded together, and dried for winter. The bark is 
made into tea, and drank by some of the Indians. It grows in Utah, 
Oregon, Arizona, and in the Rocky Mountains, and is much relished by 
all the aborigines. ‘The fruit is sometimes pounded fine and dried in 
the sun, and in this condition is boiled in broth or with meal made from 
various roots or seeds. 
Wild currant, (Ribes.)—In New Mexico it is called samita. The fruit 
is not very palatable, being offensive to some, bet the Indians eat it. 
The berries are a bright amber color, and very tempting to the sight, 
somewhat resembling the gooseberry. In Colorado several settlers 
came near losing their lives by eating this berry. . 
Buckthorn, (Rhamnus croceus.\—This is a fine evergreen, producing 
numerous red berries which render it very showy. The Apaches collect 
and pound them up with whatever animal substances may be on hand, 
the berries imparting to the mixture a bright red color, which is ab- 
sorbed into the circulation and tinges the skin. On one occasion a 
detachment of the First Arizona Infantry attacked a camp of Apaches 
in the Mogollon Mountains, Northern Arizona, killed twenty-two and 
captured two children. The writer, being with the party as surgeon, 
examined the dead. Their abdomens were much distended from eating 
greedily of these berries and other coarse substances. Their bodies 
exhibited a beautiful red net-work, the coloring matter having been 
taken up by the blood and diffused through the smallest veins. 
Raspberry, (Rubus strigosus.) —This fruit, known to whites and Indians, 
grows in Texas, Arizona, Colorado, Oregon, Alaska, and other sections, 
and is a universal favorite. 
Missouri currant, (Ribes aureum.)—Black and yellow varieties of the 
wild currant are much used by the Indians of Colorado, Utah, Arizona, 
Texas, Oregon, Ualiforhia, and Alaska. 
Gooseberry, (Ribes hirtellum, Fig. 2, Plate 5.)—It is abundant, and 
used by the Indians of Colorado, Oregon, Alaska, Arizona, and Utah. 
Wild rose, (Rosa cinnamomea.)—The berries or seed capsules of this 
plant, when turned by frost, are very pleasant to eat, not being woolly, 
as the rose berries of the States, but sweet and juicy, and serve as an 
excellent antiscorbutic for the Indians of Alaska. 
