448 AGRICULTURAL REPORT. 
of sirup, and one hundred and fifty bushels of corn. He had at the 
opening of the year only a few bushels of corn, one mule, and no money; 
but he bought his family supplies on time, and paid for them after the 
sale of his crop. He also paid for the land he cultivated, at $15 per 
acre, out of the proceeds of his crop, and had means enough left to buy 
as much more. 
Employment of farm machinery.—A farmer in Benton County, Oregon, 
in 1868, assisted by two boys under fifteen years of age, with two gang- 
plows, one header, an eight-horse thrasher, in which he held a half in- 
terest, and hired labor, costing less than $200, prepared the ground for, 
raised, and made ready for market 6,084 bushels of wheat, and 2,000 
bushels of other grain. The outlay for hired labor was more than offset 
by the earnings of his header and thrasher in working for his neighbors, 
Change in English methods of agriculture.—Twenty-five years ago, says 
an English agricultural writer, the only profitable practice of enriching 
lighter soils was by growing green crops and consuming them on the 
land, long rest in fallow being almost the only profitable method on 
the heavier soils. At the present day the best farm management in- 
cludes the more energetic use of artificial means; the use of richer 
manures from purchased cattle foods; and especially the larger employ- 
ment of purchased manures, both home-manufactured and imported; so 
that the fertility which was formerly obtained in two or three years 
under the best management is now accomplished with greater profit 
almost immediately. 
MISCELLANEOUS. 
Cotton-sced oil at Memphis, Tennessee.—During the year ending July 
1, 1870, the Panola Oil and Fertilizer Company, of Memphis, Tennessee, 
manufactured 1,800 tons of oil cake, and 150,000 gallons of cotton-seed 
oil. The Memphis Oil Company manufactured about the same quantity, 
and the Bluff City Company about two-thirds as much. The Panola 
Company propose to convert their oil cake into a valuable fertilizer, by 
mixing with it bone-dust, plaster, salt, and ashes. 
Loss in removal of cotton seed.—Professor Hilgard, of Mississippi, 
makes the suggestive statement that when the lint only of the cotton 
crop is removed from the land, it takes from it not more than four 
pounds of soil ingredients for each bale of cotton made; byt when both 
lint and seed are permanently removed the land loses, on an average, 
forty-two pounds of soil ingredients for every bale. In the former case 
the cotton crop is one of the least exhaustive known; in the latter, one 
of the most exhaustive. 
Cotton manufacturing in South Carolina.—The last annual report of 
the president of the Graniteville (South Carolina) Manufacturing Com- 
pany states the production of the mill during the year as follows: 
3,367,000 yards of 4-4 sheeting; 2,332,800 yards of 7-8 sheeting; 1,103,880 
yards of 7-8 drilling; 1,839,600 yards of 3-4 shirting; total, 3,643,280 
yards. About five hundred and fifty operatives are employed, nearly all 
of them natives of the South. 
California cotton.—A scientific expert in cotton states that the cotton 
grown from Alabama seed in Merced County, California, this year, com- 
pares favorably with Brazilian and Egyptian cotton, and is superior to 
the best southern upland for spinning purposes. He asserts that the 
effect of the dry and equable climate of California is an improvement 
in the staple yielded from the same seed as planted upon southern up- 
lands. There are large sections of the State well adapted to this cuiture. 
Corn and cotton versus cotton.—A correspondent in Lee County, Geor- 
