572 AGRICULTURAL REPORT. 
The experience of the colony in irrigation is favorable. It makes 
farming a scientific pursuit. The expense and labor are by no means 
formidable, and the colonists are found to adapt themselves to their 
requirements without any difficulty whatever. The incentive is, large 
crops; thirty bushels of wheat, fifty of oats, forty of barley, and two 
hundred and fifty of potatoes being a probable average. Finally, its 
success Seems to arise mainly from adopting an organization that gives 
to the producer those profits which, under other conditions, are appro- 
priated by speculators and capitalists. 
CHINESE LABOR IN AGRICULTURE. 
The public mind, within the last three years, has been much exercised 
upon the subject of Chinese immigration. Alarming predictions have 
been uttered as to the probable increase of this movement when once 
the starving masses of Asia shall have been attracted to it. Among 
these gloomy forebodings is the reduction of the wages of our own la- 
boring population to the starvation prices of Asia. Speculations as to 
the influence upon our political institutions of the enfranchisement of 
these Orientals have not been wanting. Fears are expressed that our - 
entire social system is to be overwhelmed by the sudden irruption of the 
great masses of heathenism, and the progressive forces of civilization 
are to be overborne. The movement, however, has of late received 
more careful study; and, as the facts of observation have been multi- 
plied, not only have the intelligent minds of the nation emancipated 
themselves from their first apprehensions, but even the popular uneasi- 
ness has measurably subsided. The revolution which this importation 
of cheap labor is destined to work in our social system now promises to 
take place so quietly and so gradually, that even the most sensitive of 
our vested interests may not be seriously disturbed. 
The movement so far has not assumed proportions at all alarm- 
ing. According to the reports of the Bureau of Statistics of the Treas- 
ury Department, the total number of alien passengers arriving in the 
United States, during the period commencing with 1820 and closing with 
the third quarter of 1870, was 7,448,922, of which number 108,610, or 
less than 14 per cent. were from China. The immigration from Japan 
and all other Asiatic countries could but slightly increase this propor- 
tion. This Mongolian influx was almost imperceptible prior to 1854. 
From 1820 to 1840 the number of arrivals was but 11. From 1841 to 
1852, inclusive, the whole number was 35. In 1853 the report of gold 
discoveries upon our Pacific Coast seems to have made some impression 
upon the conservative Chinese, for in that year there were reported 42 
arrivals, a number nearly equaling all the previous arrivals. The year 
1854, however, witnessed a sudden enlargement of Chinese immigra- 
tion, the aggregate number of arrivals being 13,110, a number not sub- 
sequently equaled until 1869. From 1855 to 1867 inclusive, the annual 
arrivals fluctuated between 2,500 and 7,500, rising in 1868 to 10,684, and 
in 1869 to 14,902. During the first three quarters of 1870 the aggregate 
was 11,051, showing a falling off of 20 per cent. as compared with the 
corresponding period of 1869. The immigration of Chinese females com- 
menced in 1867. During the years ending June 30, 1867, 1868, 1869, 
and 1870, the arrivals were 8, 46, 974, and 1,116 respectively, making 
the total number of Chinese female immigrants, 2,144. The grand total 
