8 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBOEICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



the ordinary fellings, the ash, elm, maple, and other species found 

 scattered here and there throughout the forests, and on this account 

 it is now very difficult to obtain wood of these kinds at reasonable 

 prices. 



Until recently, then, rational treatment was, especially in the 

 communal and private forests, almost completely neglected. Now 

 the forests are managed as high forest, coppice, or coppice with 

 standards, in the following proportion, viz. : 



High forest, with a revolution of 80 to 120 years, extending, 

 in rare cases, to 160 years in the oak forests, 



Simple coppice, 10 to 60 years, .... 



Coppice with standards — standards 80 to 120 years, coppice, 

 20 years, ....... 



Total, 

 In the State forests the proportion is as follows, viz. : 



Square Miles. 



25,367 

 10,028 



64 



35,459 



Regeneration by natural means is resorted to as far as possible ; 

 but both early and late frosts are very frequent, so that a croj) of 

 seed cannot be looked for oftener than once in five years, and since 

 the year 1880 regeneration by planting or sowing has been largely 

 practised. During 1884 the following areas in the State forests 

 were regenerated by natural and by artificial means respectively, 

 viz. : 



Square Miles. 

 Natural, ...... 26 



Artificial, /S°«"'f?. ... 8 



I Planting, . . . 11 



— 19 



Total, 



45 



The total cost of the sowing and planting work Avas £4183, or 

 68. lOd. per acre for sowing and 7s. for planting. 



