•FORESTRY IN HUNGARY. 17 



the required subjects are taught. He must then, after serving two 

 years on probation, pass the State Forest Examination, held at 

 Buda-Pesth, which he cannot do unless he is qualified as above. 

 The proprietors of forests which are under the provisions of section 

 17 cannot employ officers or managers who have not duly passed 

 this examination. Section 37 of the Forest Law provides that no 

 guard can, ten years after the promulgation of the law, continue to 

 be employed in these forests unless he has passed a prescribed 

 examination. He must, in the first place, either pass through one 

 of the secondary schools, and then serve for a year on probation, or 

 he must show himself to be proficient in reading, writing, and 

 arithmetic, and serve for three years on probation ; after one or 

 other of which tests, and as soon as he has attained the age of 

 24 years, he is eligible to pass the Forest Guards' Examination, 

 held periodically in various towns throughout the country. Guards 

 are permitted to perform their military service after they have 

 completed their course of instruction and probation. 



All officers, managers, and guards are sworn in, and they then 

 wear a uniform, prescribed, in the case of the State forest service, 

 by the King, and otherwise by the Departmental Administrative 

 authorities. Up to the end of 1884, the following number of 

 officers and subordinates in Hungary had been sworn in : 



Siqyerior Officers. 



In the service of the State, ...... 318 



In the service of other proprietors whose forests are under section 17, 695 



Ditto, ditto, are not under section 1 7, 589 



Total, . . 1602 



Of these, 449 have passed the State Forest Examination. 



Swhordinates. 



In the service of the State, ...... 1,323 



In the service of other proprietors whose forests are under section 17, 14,593 



Ditto, ditto, are not under section 17, 6,926 



Total, . . 22,842 



Of these, 690 only have passed the Forest Guards' Examination. 

 About one-third of the entire number of subordinates have other 

 employment in addition to their forest duties. There are 360 

 sworn superior ofiicers and 2400 subordinates in Croatia and Sla- 

 vonia. Emjyloyes of both grades can prosecute cases of forest 

 offences, and, if they have been duly sworn in, their depositions 

 constitute a complete proof against the offenders. 



VOL. XII., PART I. B 



