FORESTRY IN HUNGARY. 19 



to be expressed in cubic metres. The smallest scale permissible 

 for the working map is ytt/otto"' ^^ ^'^ inches to the mile. For 

 small forests, not adapted to regular treatment, more simple working 

 plans may be framed. For Forests of Protection the Minister of 

 Agriculture determines the system of working ; but there can be 

 no clearing, clean-felling, nor collection of dead leaves, grass, or 

 herbs within them, and, generally speaking, they are closed against 

 grazing. 



In the State forest service, the Working Plans Branch is an 

 entirely separate one. In each Conservatorship there is a Working 

 Plans' officer, with the necessary staff, who is immediately subordi- 

 nate to the Director-General, from whom alone he receives instruc- 

 tions ; but he is attached to the Conservator, and is obliged to 

 furnish him, from time to time, with such information as he may 

 require. The sjjecial branch undertakes all valuations, surveys, 

 maps, and working plans ; it prepares all temporary plans and rules, 

 and takes cognisance of any deviations from them or from the 

 regular working plan ; it is consulted when the alienation of any 

 forest land is proposed, whether in commutation of rights or 

 otherwise. 



The procedure is as follows — viz., a draft of the proposals having 

 been drawn up on the lines above indicated, it is submitted to a 

 committee of five members, consisting of the Conservator, the next 

 senior forest officer, the divisional officer, the officer in charge of the 

 neighbouring division, and the Working Plans' officer. All other 

 officers and guards, who are in the place where the committee sits, 

 are present, but have not the power to vote. The report of the 

 committee, which includes all opinions which are not in accord with 

 the general views it expresses, is submitted to the Director-General, 

 and is returned, after approval, in order that the details of the 

 proposed plan may be worked out. When this has been done, the 

 committee again assembles, and, having discussed them, submits 

 the report to the Director-General. From his office the working 

 plan is returned to the Administrative Committee of the Depart- 

 ment, to be examined in accordance with the Forest Law ; and, 

 after a further examination by the Inspector, it is finally approved, 

 and its provisions are carried out. During 1885, 44 superior officers, 

 20 temporary employes, passed students of the forest academy, and 

 a staff of chain-men, flag-men, and labourers were engaged in the 

 work. The expenditure, in addition to salaries and allowances, 

 was £3989. 



