26 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



shrubs, broken pieces of wood, bark, acorns or other fruit, he pays 

 also an amount equal to the sum of both these together, into the 

 Forest and Charitable Funds. 



Between 1881 and 1884, the following cases of Infringement of 

 Rules and Oflfences occurred : 



Infringementa. Offences. 

 Acquitted on appeal, . . . 17 5,830 



Coiifinued, . . . .171 36,179 



Total, 188 42,009 



The fines amounted to £7070. The number of such offences in 

 tbe State forests alone, dealt with in 1884 and 1885, was 49,529, 

 and the fines amounted to £9812. 



There is a great deal of game in the country ; and it is, owing to 

 the introduction of laws for its preservation, decidedly on the in- 

 crease. In the Carpathian Mountains are found the bear, wolf, lynx, 

 red-deer, and roe-deer, besides hares, partridges, capercalzie, black 

 game, and others. Before 1872, proprietors of land had not the right 

 to prevent other persons from pursuing game over their property. 

 But in that year it was enacted that the right of shooting and hunt- 

 ing belonged solely to the owner of the land, and a close time for 

 each kind of game was fixed. A law passed in 1883, however, 

 does not allow this right over a property of less than 200 arpeyits 

 (284 acres) in extent ; but small proprietors, owning not less than 

 50 arpents (71 acres), may unite together to make up the required 

 area, and they can then secure the sole right to pursue game over 

 it. Proprietors who have less than 50 arpents, or do not join with 

 others to make up 200, must farm their shooting with that of the 

 communal land, and they then receive a proportional part of the 

 income derived from it. Guns are taxed, and shooting licenses 

 have to be taken out, while poaching is severely punished. Swoi'n 

 forest em.j:)loyes are exempt from the gun and license tax ; but they 

 can only shoot within the limits of their own charge, and with the 

 consent of the proprietors of the land. 



It is said that during 1884 over about one-third of the Hungarian 

 territory, 1,102,926 head of game valued at £53,200, and including 

 280 bears, were killed ; and it is probable that the game killed in 

 the entire country was worth nearly £100,000. 



There is a national sporting society, with 1200 members, which 

 watches over the interests of the chase. It has recently introduced 

 the wild sheep {moufflon) and the wild turkey into Hungary. 



