FORESTRY IN HUNGARY. 29 



the examination is sent abroad to study forestry in other countries. 

 He receives an allowance of £80 towards his expenses. 



Secondary Schools. — Two secondary schools are supported by 

 the National Forest Fund, one at Kinilyhalom, near Szeged, opened 

 in 1883, and the other at Vadaszerdo, near Temesva, opened in 

 1885. A third is about to be established in Transylvania. The 

 course of instruction, which lasts two years, is both theoretical and 

 practical ; the students, of whom twelve are admitted annually to 

 each school, being taught the science of forestry to a sufficient 

 extent to enable them to perform their duties satisfactorily, and to 

 train and guide the workmen employed under them. They are 

 maintained at the school either by the State, or from the National 

 Forest Fund, or by private persons, as the case may be. Those 

 sent up privately pay a yearly contribution of £12 for their lodging, 

 food, and clothes. The age of admission is from seventeen to thirty- 

 five, and candidates must be of sound health, particularly as to 

 hearing and sight, and have a good knowledge of reading, writing, 

 and arithmetic. Each school has a staff of three forest officers, one 

 of whom acts as director. An increased number of schools is re- 

 quired, especially in the north and west of Hungary. 



It has been previously said that forest subordinates are required 

 to pass the Forest Guards' Examination. This is held in various 

 towns throughout the country, before a committee of forest ofiicers, 

 presided over by the local inspector. Of the 976 candidates who 

 were examined during the five years from 1880 to 1884, 827 passed, 

 and 149 were rejected. 



The National Forest Fund. 



This fund is mainly supported by the payment into it of four- 

 fifths of the fines levied from persons convicted of forest ofi'ences 

 the remaining one-fifth being paid to the communal charitable fund, 

 so that the commune is interested in the conviction of ofi'enders • 

 but if the proprietors of forests which are under the provisions of 

 section 17 of the law compound offences, they must pay one-half of 

 the sums so received into it. 



The receipts and expenditure of the fund during 1884 and 1885 

 were as follows, viz. : 



1884. 1885. 



Receipts, .... £2000 £2080 



Expenditure, .... 2400 2668 



iJeficit, . . £400 £588 



