DR CLEGHORN's services TO INDIAN FORESTRY. 91 



promote the welfare of the people was known to those who at that 

 time were in influential positions in Madras, and the confidence 

 which they placed in him was the secret of his success in this 

 important matter. 



At a later period Kumri has unfortunately been again per- 

 mitted in Mysore, and in Madras the beneficial effect of the order 

 of 1860 has subsequently to a great extent been rendered nugatory 

 by the tendency which for some time prevailed in that Presidency, 

 to regai'd as private property a large portion of the forest lands, 

 particularly in South Kanara, which had formerly been considered 

 to be the property of Government. These subsequent mistakes, 

 though they have done great injury to the country and its in- 

 habitants, do not in any way diminish Dr Cleghorn's paramount 

 merit in this matter. Dr Cleghorn paid great attention to a 

 proper arrangement of cuttings, so as to secure the maintenance 

 and promote the natural reproduction of the forests. Under his 

 direction numerous new plantations were established, while exist- 

 ing plantations were maintained and extended. Establishments 

 for the protection and proper management of the forests were 

 organised in all districts. The time had not yet come for com- 

 prehensive forest legislation, but local rules were issued, on his 

 recommendation, by Government, which for the time being were 

 sufficient. 



On Dr Cleghorn's return to India in November 1861, he was 

 directed by the Governor-General in Council to proceed from 

 Madras to the Punjab, in order to examine the forests in the 

 Western Himalaya, with a view to obtaiii reliable information 

 regarding the timber resources of that province, and to institute 

 a systematic plan of conservancy and management. The ex^ilora- 

 tion of the forests in the hills occupied the summer months of 

 1862 and 1863, while the winter months were devoted to the 

 inspection of timber depots, brushwood tracts of the plains, and 

 the preliminary arrangements necessary for the formation of the 

 Department, His Report on the Forests of the Punjab and the 

 Western Himalaya, which was published in 1864, sets forth the 

 results of his work, and has been of great value in facilitating the 

 oi'ganisation of forest administration in that province and in those 

 native states of the Western Himalaya where it was possible, by 

 means of leases, to obtain the control of the forests. His work 

 received from the Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab great praise, 

 and the Governor-General in Council expressed his concuri-ence in 



