DECIDUOUS TREES USEFUL IN LANDSCAPE FORESTRY. 97 



and Townley, with still greater enthusiasm, thus celebrates its 

 praises ; 



" The pine is king of Scottish woods ; 

 And the queen — ah, who is she ? 

 The fairest form the forest kens, 

 The bonnie birken tree. 



" AVhat magic hues the sunset pours 

 All througli a birken glade ! 

 Sooth you might think that every leaf 

 Of living gold was made. 



" And every stem is silver bright. 

 Wrought featly o'er with brown, 

 More daintily than jewel work, 

 Upon our fair Queen's crown." 



The Siberian Pea-Tree (Carayana). 



Of the Caraganas there is not more than one species that can 

 be called a tree, and that is C. arborescens, a beautiful free flower- 

 ing form, with pinnate leaves, a native of Sibei'ia, and very 

 hardy in this country. The young leaves have a striking effect as 

 they develop in spring, being of a rich golden colour, which is 

 retained till they are full-grown, when they gradually assume a 

 light-green tint. Of the varieties of this species the golden one 

 is very notable, the rich colour of the foliage being retained till 

 the end of summer. 



The Hornbeam (Carpinus). 

 There is only one species, C. hetuhis, of any use or ornament, 

 and it bears a general resemblance to the beech, but has a stiffer 

 habit of growth. It makes very fine hedges, as it retains its 

 leaves for the greater part of the winter. It produces a valuable 

 wood where hardness is a desideratum. There are several varieties, 

 and one with variegated foliage makes a beautiful tree. 



The Hickory {Carya). 

 The Hickory family is composed of only a few species, but 

 these are all very beavitiful. They ai'e indigenous to North 

 America — where the wood is in much request for cabinet-making 

 purposes, while it forms a valuable article of export to Europe. 

 The foliage of all the kinds is pinnate — the leaflets differing in 

 number from five to nine. They have been long cultivated in 



VOL. XII., PART I. G 



