THE PLANTATIONS ON THE PENRHYN ESTATE, NORTH WALES. 179 



attention, being a fairly good sea-side tree, where partial shelter 

 from direct cold cutting winds is afforded. In dampish but well- 

 drained alluvial soil, it grows rapidly, and several specimens of 

 fully 70 feet in height are to be seen. Scattered throughout most 

 of these park woods are numerous large trees of Ai-aucaria 

 imhricata, ranging from 20 feet in height to upwards of 50 feet. 

 This is a tree, more, perhap.s, than any other, that dislikes codling, 

 although, at the same time, it is by no means suitable for planting in 

 wind-swept districts. To gi'ow it in a satisfactory manner it must 

 have plenty of room for perfect development of both root and branch. 

 Amongst the Cypress tribe those that do best are Cupressus Lam- 

 bertiana, a valuable tree whether for effect, shelter, planting in 

 maritime situations, or for the finely-grained and lasting timber it 

 produces ; C. Lawsoniana, another elegant and easily-accom- 

 modated species; C. Nutkcensis, and C. sempervirens. 



Junvparus chinensis, J. recurva, and J. communis thiive 

 well on various kinds of soil, and being highly ornamental 

 are well worthy of attention in parks and plantations. In 

 peaty loam incumbent on blue slate, J. remrva thrives well, 

 several specimens being fully IG feet in height, and with a spread 

 of branches covering a diameter of 14 feet, Larix, or rather 

 Pseudo-Larix KcRmpferi, Fitzroya patagonica, Salisburia adianti- 

 folia, Taxodiuvi distichum, Betinosjwra, various species, Cunning- 

 hamia lanceolata, Taxus adpressa, T. baccata, and its yellow 

 berried form, Cephalotaxus Fortunei, C . pedunculatafastigiata, and 

 Cryptomeria elegans, all find suitable positions either on the lawn, 

 in the parks, or woods, and grow in a satisfactory manner. 



Many of the above-named conifers are planted in the natural 

 soil, but in dealing with rare and valuable species, a quantity of 

 thoroughly decomposed vegetable matter has been added to the 

 soil in which they are planted. In all cases pits of large size 

 were opened for the I'eception of the trees, and the soil well 

 broken up and allowed to remain exposed to the atmosphere for 

 as long as possible previous to the insertion of the plants. 



Neither are hardwood trees neglected in these ornamental wood- 

 lands, for the copper beech, cut-leaved alder, finest varieties of 

 thorn, scarlet horse chestnut, weeping birch, service tree, snake- 

 barked maple, golden and silver elders, liquidamber, and many 

 others, are planted in quantity, and are now of a good size. 



Amongst the more ornamental flowered shrubs, Weigelia rosea, 

 Fuchsia Riccartoni, Hydrangea hortensis, Chimonanthus frag- 

 rans, Berberis Darwinii, B. Wallachii, Catalpa syringoifolia, 



