THE GENUS PISSODES AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN FORESTRY. 39 
elytra, yellowish-white. The elytra have rows of deep similarly- 
sized punctures, and the longitudinal lines alternating with the 
rows of pits are somewhat raised. 
Life-History.—The Harz weevil, not a native of Britain, 
receives its name from the region where it is so plentiful and 
sometimes so havoc-working, as it also is to the spruce on the hill 
slopes of the Erzgebirge and the Riesengebirge. 
Although the mature weevils may do some harm to bark and 
needles by pricking, it is the larva chiefly which is the pest. The 
females choose for egg-laying only spruce, and of an age varying 
from fifty up to one hundred years. The upper, thinner, smooth- 
barked parts of the tree are first used for egg-laying, the under 
thicker parts later. In each place bored by the female a small 
number of eggs is laid. The star-shaped pattern of tunnelling is 
well marked. As with the others, a bed is gnawed in the outer 
wood layers. Sound trees as well as sickly are attacked. In 
districts in Saxony where the smoke from factory chimneys had 
weakened spruce grown in the neighbourhood, the weakened trees 
were attacked by harcyniae, and soon succumbed. Indeed, in 
several such situations the growing of spruce has had to be dis- 
continued and leaf trees grown instead. 
The Harz weevil is also a pest, because it usually brings in its 
train several other injurious bark beetles. Such following beetles 
soon compass the death of a tree previously weakened by the 
onset of harcyniae. 
Generation.—There is very little certainty as to the generation 
of the Harz weevil. Some consider the generation as annual, 
corresponding to pint, but the majority of forest entomologists 
hold by a two-yearly generation, that between two egg-laying 
periods twenty-four months elapse. 
Preventive and Remedial Measures,—Careful and repeated 
revision of the areas planted with spruce, so that all weakly and 
suppressed stems may be felled and removed. ‘The weevil will 
thus be deprived of favourite breeding-places, while the sound 
trees left behind are better fitted to resist attack. The attacked 
trees are marked, felled at the proper time, and the bark burned 
along with the inhabiting larvee. 
The helps in diagnosing attack correspond for the most part 
with those appearances discussed earlier in the paper. 
(a) As in notatus and the others, an exudation of resin results 
from the wounds made by the rostrum of the attacking beetles. 
