42 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
that harcyniae also breeds in spruce, and in an endeavour to dis- 
tinguish the two in their work I will give Pauly’s measurements :— 
harcyniae. scabricollis. 
Average length of the PieieeE ye) ‘ 
covering of chips over the pupa- “ 11 -183 mm. 11 -13 mm. 
bed, 
Average breadth of same, . 44-6 mm. 4 - 45 mm. 
Average length of hole gnawed in _ 
— : 4— 9% . 
splint for bed, i 8 -10 mm 63- 95 mm 
Average breadth of same, . ; 25- 3; mm. 2 — 24 mm. 
Length of full-grown larve, A 93-11 mm. iz— 9) mim: 
Larval tunnels, ae ic 
It is discouraging to find how little possible it is to distinguish 
their work, always, of course, in the absence of the beetles. Last 
summer I thought I had made a lucky find, as I procured at 
Kirchseon in Bavaria some spruce bark with larve and pupa-beds 
and pup. The beds were smaller than I had ever seen for 
harcyniae. I waited impatiently for my beetles to emerge, and 
when they did they proved to be only a small harcyniae. 
Tar-Rings or Sticky Bands as a Possible Aid in Extermination 
of the Pissodes.—During the great devastation in the spruce 
forests of Bavaria in 1890-91, when the ravages of the caterpillars 
of the Nun Moth (Liparis monacha) cost the Bavarian Govern- 
ment £100,000, as a means to prevent the caterpillars from 
ascending the trees, a ring of tar (of a special preparation) was 
placed round each tree in the forest. Vast numbers of insects 
other than the one against which the rings had been primarily 
directed were met with under the rings. In the spring of 1891 
Pauly noticed, among other insects, numbers of Pissodes, chiefly 
P. scabricollis and P. harcyniae. In one district alone, that of 
Sauerlach, it was estimated that over 1,000,000 Prssodes were 
collected from under the rings, where they had stationed them- 
selves, with their proboscis buried deep into the bark, feeding and 
perhaps egg-laying. 
Again, in the forest of Nuremberg, where thousands of pines 
had had a tar-ring put round them to prevent the ascent of the 
caterpillars of the Pine Moth (Gastropacha pint), many piniphilus 
were got in the spring time. In view of these facts, then, such 
ringing may prove of great value as a proceeding against an onset 
of Pissodes. 
