104 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
in forestry must go hand in hand; (2) the student must become 
thoroughly acquainted with the work in a systematically managed 
forest district; (3) the student must study varying conditions, 
over and above those found in any one district, so as to acquire a 
sufficiently ripe judgment, which will enable him to decide on 
the correct measures to be taken in any conditions which he may 
meet with subsequently in his work. 
Before applying what I have said to the case of Scotland, I 
must clear the ground a little more. The demand for better 
forestry education has gone forth, but I have nowhere seen it 
clearly stated what is really wanted. There are a large number 
of foresters in Scotland who look after the woods on estates of 
varying extent. Some proprietors have only a few hundred acres, 
or even less, while others own areas up to many thousands of 
acres. The former employ a forester or woodman, whom they 
pay hardly more than any untrained industrious labourer can 
earn; and even in the case of the latter the emoluments of 
their wood managers reach only a very moderate figure. Now, 
every labourer is worthy of his hire, and before a young 
man makes up his mind to devote several years of his life, 
and a not inconsiderable amount of cash, in acquiring a 
thorough knowledge of a profession, he must see his way 
towards obtaining afterwards a position and emoluments which 
make it worth his while to proceed. No man in his senses would 
go through a systematic course of study if all he could look 
forward to at the end of it were a salary of say £70 a year. 
But then a proprietor will say—How can I afford to give more, 
if I have only a small area of woods to be looked after? The 
fact is that we require two distinct classes of foresters, the 
ordinary working forester, and the wood manager, or forest expert 
if you like the term better. The former would be in charge of 
the ordinary current works, while the latter lays down the 
method of treatment, and supervises the execution of the work. 
Every proprietor would have one or a number of working 
foresters, according to the size of his woods, and a wood manager 
or a share of one. If his estate is of sufficient extent he will 
engage his own wood manager, and if he owns only a small area, 
he will secure the occasional services of one. There are endless 
examples where a land agent manages a number of estates, and 
there is no reason, as far as I can see, why the same should not 
be the case as regards wood managers. In that case they would 
