FORESTRY IN SCOTLAND IN THE REIGN OF QUEEN VICTORIA. 111 
Broom, Ruscus aculeatus; Dogwood, Cornus sanguinea; Goose- 
berry, fibes' Grossularia; Heath, Hrica cinerea and others; 
Juniper, Juniperus communis; Mezereon, Daphne Mezereum ; 
Mistletoe, Viscwm album; Osier, Salix viminalis; Privet, 
Ligustrum vulgare; Raspberry, Rubus Ideus; Red Currant, 
Ribes rubrum ; Rose, Rosa canina and others ; Tamarisk, Tamarix 
Anglica; Spurge Laurel, Daphne Lawreola; Wayfaring-tree, 
Viburnum Lantana; and the Whin, Ulex europea. 
The chief of the ligneous climbers and trailers that are natives 
of Britain are the Bramble, Rubus fruticosus; Brier, Rosa 
arvensis and others; Honeysuckle, Lonicera Periclymenum; Ivy, 
Hedera Helix ; and Traveller's Joy, Clematis vitalba. These lists 
comprise all the ligneous British plants that are of any economic 
value, or which are of service to the forester, and previous to the 
fifteenth century they probably were the sole occupants of their 
kind—trees and shrubs—of our forests and woodlands. 
With the advent of the sixteenth century a taste for tree- 
planting appears to have sprung up. In the reigns of James V. 
and Mary Queen of Scots, 1513-1567, we find royalty and 
the nobility beginning to display an interest in arboriculture, by 
planting the domains around their castles and mansions with the 
best of the trees and shrubs at their command. Trees are still 
extant, and in vigorous health, which are historically, or tradition- 
ally, closely connected with these Scottish sovereigns, and around 
old Scottish family seats are seen many venerable trees that were 
undoubtedly planted in those early days by the arborists of the 
period. The resources of the native trees and shrubs, as given in 
the above lists, would appear soon to have failed to satisfy the 
tastes or wants of our arboricultural ancestors, and then exotics 
began to be introduced from European countries and other acces- 
sible parts of the world. From about the middle of the six- 
teenth century we possess tolerably authentic records of the 
introduction of the hosts of exotic trees and shrubs that so 
beautifully adorn our gardens and pleasure-grounds, and form a 
large and important part of our planted woodlands. The earliest 
of these, Turner’s Herbal appeared in 1548, and in it is recorded 
that on or before that date the Norway Spruce, Abies excelsa ; 
Stone Pine, Pinus pinea; Cypress, Cupressus sempervirens ; 
Oriental Plane, Platanus orientalis; Savin, Juniperus Sabina ; 
Sweet Bay, Lawrus nobilis; and Spanish Broom, Spartiwm 
junceum, were among the plants introduced from Europe. The 
