112 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
Walnut tree, Juglans regia, was introduced about 1562; the 
Holm, or Evergreen Oak, in 1581; and before the end of the 
century the following trees and shrubs had been added to the 
introductions, as recorded in Gerard’s Herbal,—Silver Fir, 
Abies pectinata; Maritime or Cluster Pine, Pinus Pinaster ; 
Arborvite, Thuja occidentalis; Laburnum, Laburnum vulgare ; 
Laurestine, Viburnum Tinus; Lilac, Syringa vulgaris; Mock 
Orange, Philadelphus coronarius; Judas Tree, Cereis Siliquastrum ; 
Phillyrea, Phil/yrea latefolia; and about sixty other ligneous 
plants of lesser growth. 
Some of the most interesting to the arborist of the trees and 
shrubs introduced in the seventeenth century need only be here 
noted, the first and perhaps the most important being the 
European Larch, Larix ewropea, which, according to Parkinson, in 
his Parnasus, was introduced before 1629, but by whom is not 
recorded. The same authority also records that about that time the 
Horse Chestnut, Wsculus Hippocastanum; Hickory, Carya alba; 
Black Walnut, Juglans nigra; Persimmon, Diospyros virginiana ; 
Common or Oherry Laurel, Cerasus Laurocerasus; Alaternus, 
Rhamnus Alaternus ; Pyracantha, Crategus Pyracantha ; Ameri- 
can Bird Cherry, Cerasus serotina; and Virginian Creeper, Ampel- 
opsis hederacea, were introduced; and by the middle of the century 
the Occidental Plane, Platanus occidentalis ; Deciduous Cypress, 
Taxodium distichum; False Acacia, Robinia Pseudo-Acacia ; 
Portugal Laurel, Cerasus lusitanica; and Poison Oak, Rhus 
Toxicodendron, had appeared in Britain. The last half of the 
century saw the introduction of about eighty species of ligneous 
plants, many of them being obtained from the eastern States of 
North America, then British colonies, and long a fertile source 
of new trees and shrubs. A few of those most useful to the 
arborist are the Scarlet Maple, Acer rubrum; American Nettle 
Tree, Celtis occidentalis ; and Butternut or White Walnut, Juglans 
cinerea, in 1656; the Tulip Tree, Liriodendron tulipiferum, in 
1663; Red Cedar, Juniperus virginiana, in 1664; the Con- 
stantinople Nut, Corylus Colurna, in 1665; Cedar of Lebanon, 
Cedrus Libani, in 1676; the Aleppo Pine, Pinus halepensis, 
Pheenician Juniper, Juniperus phenicea, Scarlet Thorn, Crategus 
coccinea, Dwarf Aimond, Amygdalus nana, in 1683; Magnolia 
glauca, M. longifolia, and Aralia spinosa, in 1688 ; Scarlet Oak, 
Quercus coccinea, and Cockspur Thorn, Crategus crus-galli, in 
1691; Balsam Poplar, or Tacamahac of North America, Populus 
