FORESTRY IN SCOTLAND IN THE REIGN OF QUEEN VICTORIA. 113 
balsamifera, and Babylonian Willow, Salix babylonica, in 1692 ; 
Cork Oak, Quercus Suber, Dwarf Chestnut, Castanea pumila, and 
Candleberry Myrtle, Myrica cerifera, in 1699; and the Honey 
Locust, Gleditschia triacanthos, White Spruce, Picea alba, and 
Black Spruce, P. nigra, in 1700. 
The eighteenth century saw about five hundred species of ligneous 
plants introduced to Britain, of which North America contributed 
about three-fifths, Europe one-fifth, Asia about eighty, including 
half-a-dozen species from Japan, a country which in later times 
has been so fertile in fine trees and shrubs, Africa about a dozen, 
and South America three species. Of that large number of trees 
and shrubs, only a few of the most useful call for mention, 
beginning with the Weymouth Pine, introduced by Peter 
Collinson from North America in 1705. The White Ash, 
Fraxinus americana, in 1723; Catalpa syringefolia, 1726; 
Azalea nudiflora, A. viscosa, and others, Rhododendron maximum, 
Andromeda racemosa, Kalmia latifolia, and Magnolia grandiflora, 
all from North America, in 1734; Turkey Oak, Quercus Cerris, Sugar 
Maple, Acer saccharinum, 1735; Hemlock Spruce, Abies (7'suga) 
canadensis, White Cedar, Cupressus thyoides, and the American 
Larch, Lari microcarpa, in 1736; Red or Champion Oak, 
Quercus rubra, Black Jack Oak, Q. nigra, and Live Oak, Q. virens, 
in 1739; Pinus Cembra in 1740; Kentucky Coffee Tree, Gymno- 
cladus canadensis, in 1748; Arclanthus glandulosa, 1751; American 
Lime or Basswood, 7Z%lia americana, Biota orientalis, and 
Juniperus thurifera, in 1752; Maidenhair Tree, Genkgo biloba, 
1754; the Striped-bark Maple, Acer pennsylvanicum, and other 
Maples, 1756; Lombardy Poplar, Populus fastigiata, 1758; 
Corsican Pine, Pinus Laricio, 1759; Rhododendron ponticum, 
1763; Red Beech, Fagus ferruginea, 1766; Cottonwood of 
America, Populus canadensis, 1769; Black Italian Poplar, 
Populus monilifera, 1772; Pyrus spectabilis, 1780; Aucuba 
japonica femina, 1784; Pinus montana, 1789; Pinus 
Pallasiana, 1790; and the Chilian Pine, Araucaria imbricata, 
and Thuja plicata, 1796. The last two fitly close the list of 
the best of the ligneous introductions of the eighteenth century. 
A new era was commencing, in which the farthest corners of 
the world would be ultimately ransacked by intrepid travellers 
and explorers in search of useful trees and shrubs. With a few 
important exceptions, the trees which had been introduced 
hitherto had not proved valuable to the planters of timber- 
VOL, XV. PART II. N 
