FORESTRY IN SCOTLAND IN THE REIGN OF QUEEN VICTORIA. 115 
P. macrocarpa, P. monticola, P. ponderosa, and P. Sabiniana ; 
Acer circinatum and A, macrophyllum. Of the smaller trees and 
shrubs, mention may be made of the Mahonia, Berberis Aqui- 
Solium, Garrya elliptica, Gaultheria Shallon, Arbutus procera, 
Amelanchier florida, Ribes aureum, R. niveum, R. sanguineum, 
Caprifolium Douglasii, Clematis Douglasii, Spirea ariefolia, and 
many others more or less noteworthy and useful to the orna- 
mental planter. 
Through ‘these and other channels, about eight hundred species 
of exotic trees and shrubs were introduced to Britain in the early 
years of the present century, before the Queen’s reiga began in 
1837, all of which were supposed to be sufficiently hardy to grow 
in the open air in some part of the British Isles. A few only of 
the most notable trees may be mentioned beside the introductions 
from America by Douglas, Fraser, and Lyon already referred to. 
The Himalayan Spruce, Abies Morinda, was introduced from 
India in 1818, by Dr Govan of Cupar, Fife ; and the first plants 
of it were raised from seed at Hopetoun, by Mr James Smith, 
gardener to the Earl of Hopetoun, after whom it was called Abies 
Smithiana, by Dr Wallich, who himself introduced from the same 
regions, between 1822 and 1829, the beautiful Silver Fir, Abies 
Webbiana, Cupressus torolosa, Juniperus recurva, Pinus excelsa, 
and P. Gerardiana, all very beautiful conifers, requiring a warm 
and sheltered position, however, to thrive well in Britain. The 
Indian Cedar, Cedrus Deodara, was introduced by the Hon. W. 
Leslie Melville in 1831 ; the Pyrenean Pine, Pinus pyrenaica, by 
Captain Widdrington, in 1834; the Austrian Pine, Pinus 
austriaca, by Lawson & Son, Edinburgh, in 1835; and the 
Indian Silver Fir, Abies Pindrow, by Dr Royle, early in 1837. 
Forest-Tree NURSERIES. 
Early in the eighteenth century, public nurseries for the rearing 
of young forest trees to meet the increasing demands of planters, 
and for the propagation and distribution of the newly introduced 
trees and shrubs, began to be established in Scotland. The first 
nursery formed in Scotland was started in the year 1729, by 
Robert Dickson, at Hassendeanburn, near Hawick, Roxburgh- 
shire. This enterprising gentleman was the common progenitor 
of the numerous race of Dickson who have established nurseries 
in various parts of the United Kingdom, until the name has 
