FORESTRY IN SCOTLAND IN THE REIGN OF QUEEN VICTORIA. 121 
or strongly calcareous soils, arrived in the same year from the 
mountains of Spain. 
With the beginning of the “forties,” a period of great activity 
set in among collectors and introducers of hardy exotic plants, 
and before the decade closed, many rich additions were made to 
our trees and shrubs. When David Douglas lost his life in the 
Sandwich Islands in 1834, the Royal Horticultural Society after- 
wards resolved to send another collector to America, and Karl T. 
Hartweg, a native of Baden, in Germany, was selected in 1836 
to proceed to Mexico to travel over the mountains and higher 
parts of that fine country, in search of new plants that would 
thrive in the climate of Britain. He spent about seven years in 
Mexico and other parts of Central America, and discovered many 
fine trees, chiefly Conifers, but most of them have proved too 
tender for the climate of the British Isles, unless it be in some 
of the mildest spots, such as Fota Island in the County of Cork, 
where such beautiful Conifers as Abies religiosa are seen in 
luxuriant growth. In 1845 Hartweg visited California, and 
during the next two years sent home a few new trees, the most 
conspicuous being the Redwood, Sequowa sempervirens, which 
had been discovered by Menzies about fifty years previously, 
and also seen by Douglas and other plant-collectors, but had 
not been successfully introduced until Hartweg sent it home 
to the Royal Horticultural Society in 1846. 
Again the Royal Horticultural Society, ever active in searching 
the world for new plants, turned its attention to the Far East, 
and despatched thither in 1843, as their pioneer collector, Robert 
Fortune, another Scotsman, from Berwickshire, who gained much 
well-deserved celebrity for his great perseverance and success in 
travelling through the “ Flowery Land,” China, and introducing 
therefrom many rare and beautiful plants, including some of the 
choicest and most interesting occupants of our gardens and 
pleasure-grounds. In the first year of his travels through China, 
in 1844, he sent home from Shanghai the now well-known Japanese 
Cedar, Cryptomeria japonica. In 1846 he introduced the Chinese 
Golden Larch, Larix Kempferi; Fortune’s Fir, Abies Fortuner; the 
Chinese Funeral Cypress, Cupressus funebris ; and the Lace-bark 
Pine, Pinus Bungeana. In 1847 Torreya grandis from Northern 
China; and from the same country, in 1849, the two species of 
Plum-Fruited Yews, Cephalotaxus drupacea and C, Fortune. 
Proceeding to Japan in 1860, when that interesting country 
