FORESTRY IN SCOTLAND IN THE REIGN OF QUEEN VICTORIA. 123 
Grove, on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, in 
California, will ever render his name famous among the intro- 
ducers of exotic trees. 
The African or Mount Atlas Cedar, Cedrus atlantica, was 
introduced to Europe in 1841, from Northern Africa; the 
Chilian Arborvitea, Libocedrus chilensis, in 1847; and the 
handsome Abies Nordmanniana, from the Crimea, in 1848. 
At the commencement of the second half of the century, 
a few noblemen and gentlemen formed at Edinburgh the 
Scottish Oregon Association, for the purpose of exploring the 
north-west of America, with a view to introducing to Britain the 
trees and other plants, particularly Conifers, found in those 
temperate regions. The Association appointed John Jeffrey, a 
native of Fifeshire—who had been trained as a gardener, like 
nearly every other famous plant-collector, including Douglas, 
Fortune, Lobb, and Hartweg—as its collector, and despatched 
him in June 1850, by way of Hudson’s Bay, from whence he 
crossed the continent in the winter to British Columbia, and was 
ready to begin his collecting operations in the spring of 1851. 
A keen and indefatigable worker and explorer, he collected and 
sent home during his first year, 1851, a splendid consignment of 
seeds, especially those of the Conifer indigenous to the regions 
he explored, including such grand species as Prince Albert’s Fir, 
Abies Albertiana; A. concolor, A. magnifica, A. Pattoniana, and 
Pinus flexilis, all introduced for the first time by him to Britain. 
Next year, 1852, there were among his original introductions 
such fine things as Cupressus Macnabiana, Pinus Balfowriana, 
P. Jeffreyi, which commemorates his name, and Thuia gigantea ; 
and in 1853 Libocedrus decurrens, a distinct Conifer, but for some 
years afterwards much confounded with Thwia gigantea, The 
latter has borne several synonyms, and has recently been declared, 
on high authority, to be the original Thwia plicata. The large 
quantities of seeds sent home by Jeffrey, and distributed by the 
Oregon Association, proved generally fertile, and many thousands 
of the newer Conifere from North-West America were raised 
from them, and planted freely in the pleasure-grounds, parks, 
pineta, and woods in Scotland, where they now form numerous 
stately and handsome trees, adding fresh interest and beauty to 
the landscape, and some of the species are promising to become 
in time valuable forest trees. 
One of the most beautiful and hardiest of the Cypress tribe, 
