230 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
profitably ; and it may be concluded that their removal should 
be carried out as soon as this can be effected with due regard to 
other considerations, and that the ground should then be re- 
stocked with a young crop, which, under different treatment, 
will yield a larger quantity and a better quality of timber. 
INJURIES TO WHICH THE WOODS ARE SUBJECT, 
No very serious damage has been done by strong winds during 
recent years, except in Ballfield and Fostertonden, where a con- 
siderable portion of the crop was thrown down in 1893-94. In 
Bairnsbridge some trees were blown down at the same time. 
In some places the young crops have suffered a good deal 
from spring-frosts, as in Sandalhall, Cardenden Colliery, Tully- 
lumb and Torbain Moss, Here, and in Muirhead, the drainage 
should be seen to. 
Planting work has been rendered difficult by a dense growth 
of weeds in Torbain Moss, Raithmuir, Sandalhall, Rough Park, 
and Muirhead ; and immediate measures should be taken, which 
must be continued for a few years, to protect the young stock 
from damage and thus give it a fair start. 
The young plantations have suffered considerably from attack 
by the Pine Weevils (Hylobius abietis and Pissodes notatus). 
Those which have been most injured by these pests are in Square 
Wood, Hyndloup, Tullylumb, Torbain Moss and Muirhead. 
Ground game has caused much damage to the young stock 
in Hyndloup, Tullylumb, Torbain Moss and Muirhead ; and the 
rabbits must be kept down if these plantations are to make 
progress, 
Fires ignited by sparks from railway engines have done some 
harm in Clunie Strip ; while Clunie Muir and Rough Park stand 
at considerable risk of similar injury, and precautionary measures 
in regard to them have been suggested in Appendix B. 
MARKETS FOR THE PRODUCE. 
The bulk of the timber of all species cut on the estate is sold, 
in the form of round logs, to local merchants, who convert the 
Scots fir and spruce into roofing-boards, scantlings, cask-staves, 
etc. The sales are usually conducted by auction, but timber is 
sometimes sold by private contract. Tops, down to a diameter 
of 6 inches, and branches are severed ; the best parts of these are 
then cut into pit-wood or fence stakes, and the whole of the refuse 
