316 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
than the males, have a conspicuous ovipositor. The larve are 
legless, and have fourteen segments; they are yellowish in 
colour, and have on their under-surface, at the head end, the 
brownish so-called “breast-bone” or “ anchor process,” thought 
to aid the insects in feeding. 
Remedial Measures,—The insect can cause great losses. In 
the letter acquainting me with the attack, it was mentioned that 
seldom was a full crop of pears got because of the pest. There 
is this to encourage growers, however, that where proceeded 
against vigorously success can follow. Such a case is reported 
by Professor J. B. Smith, of New Jersey, who, in a report in 
1894, mentions severe attacks, but writes in 1897 that, in the 
previous badly attacked localities, the pest seems to have been 
stamped out, Dr Smith, as a result of experiments, recommends 
‘treating “the ground below the trees with a heavy top dressing 
of kainit, one ton to the acre, applied between the middle and 
end of June.” This, applied immediately after rain, and before 
the larve have made their cocoons, will cause their death. The 
game authority recommends ploughing the infested ground, say 
in July, so that the maggots which escape crushing will be buried 
too deeply for the future midge to make its way above ground. 
If circumstances render this measure impracticable, the principle 
of burying the grubs should not be lost sight of. The pear midge 
can only be satisfactorily combated when, as larva or pupa, in 
the ground. Picking up and picking off the infested fruit would 
be an extremely useful measure. The attacked pears can be 
known by their withered, discoloured, and cracked appearance. 
The foregoing embodies most of what is known about Diplosis, 
but anyone wishing to read further can consult Zhe Hntomologist, 
vol. xxi, for an article on Diplosis, by R. H. Meade, Esq. ; 
Bulletin 99 of the New Jersey Agricultural College, by Dr J. 
B. Smith; Miss Ormerod’s ‘“ Handbook of Orchard and Bush 
Fruit Insects,” This is Miss Ormerod’s latest book, and I 
cordially recommend it to members, It is published by Messrs 
Simpkin, Marshall, & Co., price 3s. 6d. See also Jowrnal of the 
Board of Agriculture, September 1898. 
In concluding this Report, I wish to thank Mr Clark, Mr 
Mitchell, and Mr Forbes for sending me material which I wrote 
for, and also Mr Mackenzie of Mortonhall, who twice very 
kindly send me some fresh pine logs for an experiment, which 
I may give some account of, in the next year’s Z7'ransactions. 
