of Lucanoid Coleoptera. 5 
based upon it is equally at variance with the natural grouping of 
species ; for we occasionally find individuals of the same species 
both with and without their proper complement of spines. Where 
two species in every respect assimilate to each other except in 
regard to the spines on the tibia, the absence or presence of these 
ought not, I think, to separate them. 
There are two very remarkable characters of this group hitherto 
but slightly noticed by Entomologists, which, although not avail- 
able for the purpose of generical or sectional division, are yet, for 
the purpose of specific determination, of very great interest. I 
refer to the development of the mandibles and to the punctuation. 
The extraordinary difference in the development of the mandibles 
is not easily to be accounted for; under what circumstances the 
larger insect is provided with small undeveloped mandibles, and a 
smaller specimen of the same species with those organs fully 
developed, must always remain a mystery. But of this I feel 
certain, that the whole character of numerous species varies (with 
reference to their punctuation) in accordance with the development 
of the mandibles. When these have obtained their full growth the 
sculpture of the species has entirely changed, and in fact frequently 
disappears altogether; and when the development is but small or 
moderate the sculpture becomes more definite, often resembling 
that of the females, in which it is almost invariably stronger; in 
fact, these small undeveloped males approximate so closely to 
their females that I could name well-known Entomologists who 
have been even led into the error of describing them as such. Is 
it possible that these small males may be found upon closer 
anatomical examination to be neuters? It is a point of great 
interest, and well worthy of deeper investigation. 
With these facts before me, I have been much perplexed, and 
have, therefore, abstained for the present from suggesting any 
decided characters of those new sections. I feel the necessity of 
such characters being pointed out, but on this occasion my aim is 
only to present the student with a revised catalogue of the various 
species, and although errors will doubtless occur, still I trust that 
my labour may not prove altogether in vain. 
Descriptions of New, and Notes on some of the rarer, Species. 
The descriptions of some of the species hereafter mentioned 
have already been published in the “ Proceedings of the Ento- 
mological Society” for December, 1862, with a view to their in- 
corporation in the present catalogue; to these are joined others of 
new and rare species, of which several have been lately added to 
