Genus Yphthima, §c. 283 
Genus Yrutuma, Hubner. 
1. Yphthima Asterope. 
Hipparchia Asterope, Klug in Ehrenb. & Hempr. Symb. 
Phys. pl. 29, figs. 11, 12, 13, 14; Lederer, Beit. Schm. 
Asia Minor, pl. 1, f. 6. 
Yphthima Norma, Westw. in Gen. Diur. Lep. pl. 67, f. 1. 
Alis fuscis; anticis singulis ocello unico; subtus cineraceis, 
rufo-undulatis ; posticis ocellis tribus argenteo-pupillatis. 
Exp. 1,5; to 149 inch. 
Hab. Syria, China, Natal, Calabar. 
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson. 
This species may be easily known from all others by the 
circular band of brown which passes round the ocellus on the 
underside of the anterior wing, as well as by a rufous space (some- 
times clouded with brown) below the said circular band free 
from undulations. As will be seen from the localities quoted, it is 
widely distributed, and differs considerably in size. Y. Norma, 
of Westwood, from China, I believe to be only a small variety of 
this species, darker and wanting the ocellus on the upperside of 
the anterior wing; there are similar varieties from the Holy 
Land. Specimens from Calabar and Natal do not differ from 
those of Europe, except in having the ring of brown which 
encircles the ocellus of the anterior wing more distinctly marked 
above, as in Norma, and in having the underside more clouded 
with rufous stria. 
2. Yphthima Arctous. 
Papilio Arctous, Fabricius; Godart, Encl. M. p. 552; Bois- 
duval, Voy. Astrol. p. 156. 
Alis fuscis ; singulis utrinque ocello unico ; subtus griseis, rufo- 
undulatis. 
Exp. 1,9, inch. 
Hab. Aru, Port Denison. 
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson. 
Very nearly allied to Y. Asterope, but differs from it in wanting 
two of the ocelli of the posterior wing. 
Each of the authors above referred to, in describing this 
species, expressly states that it has one ocellus and one only on 
each wing, above and below; and yet they one and all refer to 
Donovan’s figure, in his “ Insects of New Holland,” plate 24, which 
has “vo ecelli on both sides of the posterior wing. Donovan’s 
Y ° 
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