Restoration of the Silkworm. | 305 
pearance of the young worms is owing to short tufts of hairs 
springing from rows of rudimentary tubercles as in the wild and 
uncultivated kinds. These, however, all disappear, with the 
exception of the anal spine, after the first moult. 
In the second stage, the four anterior segments are of an ashy 
white, the dorsal portion of the second and third segments being 
swollen and wrinkled ; the remaining segments are pale brindled, 
or mottled grey, with a slightly mealy aspect; a short, blunt, 
somewhat flat-sided, semi-horny tubercle on the dorsal centre of 
the penultimate segment, and having generally a faint tinge of 
orange; on the fifth segment are two faint semilunar brown marks 
like inverted commas, and on the eighth segment are two small 
round spots of brown; head and prolegs black. 
After the second moult the insect becomes altogether of an 
ashy or creamy whiteness, the second and third segments still 
more swollen and wrinkled; on the front of the second segment is 
a thin longitudinally disposed dark line with generally a small dark 
spot on each side of it; two dark semilunar marks on the back of 
the fifth segment, and the dark spots on the eighth slightly raised ; 
anal horn pointed and somewhat suddenly attenuated, with an 
inclination to point backwards; head mealy grey-brown, and small 
as compared with the rapidly increasing size of the body. 
In the two following stages there is usually no alteration, except 
that the length and thickness of the worm rapidly increase, and 
that the markings become more conspicuous, that on the fifth 
segment often assuming the form of a crown. The feet are fringed 
with minute cilia. The entire body is without hairs and quite 
smooth; the stigmata or breathing apertures along the sides are 
small, round and dark, and in the last stage of growth the two 
dots on the front of the second segment increase in size and are 
partially rufous. The length of a full grown worm, cultivated at 
Mussooree, is from 3 to 33 inches. 
Such is the appearance of the worm as now cultivated (Pl. XIX. 
fig. 8), but in almost every batch of worms there will be seen 
after the first moult has occurred, some dark-coloured ones which 
at the first glance appear to be a distinct species. By the French 
these worms are regarded as a mere evanescent variety and are 
distinguished as “ vers ligrés” and “ vers zébrés ;” so far, however, 
are they from being a mere passing variety that they are actually 
types of the original species, and merely require to be treated 
according to the established rules of breeding in order to render 
them permanent and healthy, 
