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( lviii_) 
“They consist of six genera, each containing one or more 
known species, viz.— 
1. The genus Cephalomyia, Macquart. 
Dee if Oestrus, Linné. 
3. ‘5 Rhinoestrus, Brauer. 
4, 53 Pharyngobolus, Brauer. 
5. 5 Pharyngomyia, Schiner. 
6. < Cephenomyia, Latreille. 
“Tt may be instructive to deal briefly with the genera as 
classed above, mentioning the order of animals they utilise as 
hosts for their young, viz.: The Cephalomyia—1 species—is 
common to the Bos bubalus and Camelidae; the Oestrus— 
8 species—to the Cavicornia ; the Rhinoestrus—2 species—to 
the Equus caballus and Hippopotamidae ; the Pharyngobolus— 
1 species—to the Proboscideu ; the Pharyngomyia—|1 species— 
to the Cervidae; and the Cephenomyia—T species—to the 
Cervidae. 
“The flies belonging to the sub-family in which I am interested 
do not cause injury by biting animals, but cause great dis- 
comfort by depositing their eggs on the inner surface of the 
nostrils, from whence the larvae, in the case of the first three 
genera, find their way into the maxillary and frontal sinuses ; 
in the fourth and fifth, into the pharynx; and the sixth, into 
the sub-lingual cavities ; while it is interesting to note that 
the female flies invariably select male animals as the medium 
for the propagation of their kind. This process generally takes 
place in the spring, and it is not till the following winter that 
the fully developed larvae are ejected by the animals that 
harboured them. The larvae then creep away into holes and 
crevices, where they shrink and pupate; from whence the 
imago emerges to carry on again the cycle thus completed. 
“‘T shall refrain from giving a detailed description of each 
genus as there is no dearth of literature on the subject, but 
pass on to a less well-known use to which the larvae are put. 
When travelling through Rajputana in the year 1903, my 
attention was drawn to a small trade carried on between the 
hakims (native physicians) and the camel-drivers, with the 
larvae from their animals. Inquiries led to the discovery 
