cil 
8 Mr. H. Eltrmgham on the Forms and 
and /ycoa, and in fact in all other African Acraeas which 
I have examined the palpi are yellow beneath. I have 
examined three interesting examples of torwna in the Tring 
Museum taken near Bukoba, between Lakes Kivu and Vic- 
toria Nyanza. In one of these the hindwing patch is pure 
white and the palpi have numerous yellow scales beneath, 
thus providing a transitional form from semifulvescens. 
The second of these specimens is very abnormal, and has 
the ground-colour of the wings brownish black with just 
a slight suffusion of the characteristic reddish chocolate 
colour in the neighbourhood of the distal end of the fore- 
wing cell. The hindwing patch is white, and bears on 
the upperside hardly a trace of the quadrate distal outline. 
The third is of the normal colouring, but the forewing 
spots are very much reduced in size, that between the first 
and second median being represented by a mere streak, 
and the subapical band of spots is only about a quarter 
of the usual width. All these examples are males. The 
second specimen above described has decidedly the appear- 
ance of a form intermediate between t¢orwna and a female 
lycoa, and in the absence of an examination of the geni- 
talia would provide a strong temptation to be regarded as 
a connecting link between the two species. 
As will presently be described the male genital arma- 
ture of torwna presents no features by which that variety 
can be distinguished from the other forms of johnstoni, 
and I am satisfied that ¢orwna is merely a geographical 
race or subspecies of A. johnstoni. 
THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN A. lycoa AND A. johnstont. 
It now remains for me to give some account of the 
features which lead me to assign all the forms of A. lycoa 
and A. johnstona to two distinct species, albeit including 
certain subspecies or geographical races. In the first 
place A. lycoa is sexually dimorphic, and remains so 
throughout its range with the exception of the peculiar 
Abyssinian subspecies. In A. johnstoni all the numer- 
ous varieties occur in both sexes. The modifications 
of pattern which take place in /ycoa as we pass from 
west to east tend in one definite direction only, viz. 
away from the resemblance to western black and white 
Planema and Amauris models and towards a superficial 
resemblance to the eastern and southern Danaines Amauris 
