al 
52 Miss M. E. Fountaine’s Descriptions of 
gradually changed to green, heavily outlined with dark 
crimson. The third moult took place on September 27, 
and for the fourth and Jast time on October 3, the larva 
now being twenty days old. It fed for ten days in the 
final skin, hanging up for pupation on the evening of 
October 13, exactly one month from the day it had 
hatched out. The butterfly, which proved to be a @, 
emerged at Beira, on October 24. In the meantime, from 
the larvae we had found, I had bred a fair number of both 
sexes. The pupa is the usual shape of a Charazes pupa, 
green, with white lines indicating the wing-cases, if 
allowed to pupate on the food-plant ; but if removed when 
still a larva to the pupa cage, which was almost in the 
dark, the pupa assumed a pale, dull drab colour. A 
rather curious instance of the attachment of individual 
caterpillars to each other was observed by me when I was 
breeding these guderiana. Two larvae about the same size 
had formed one of these strong attachments to each other, 
insisting invariably in sharing the same nest, no matter 
how far apart I might place them on the fresh food-plant. 
And when one pupated and was duly removed to the 
chrysalis cage, his friend became very restless, and soon 
showed such unmistakable evidences of following his 
example, that I removed him also to the chrysalis cage, 
round which he wandered vaguely for some time, finally 
ending in hanging up as close as possible to the pupa of 
his former friend. The two butterflies resulting were 
both ¢f. Much could be written by close observers 
concerning the wonderful instinct and foresight of cater- 
pillars, especially those belonging to this noble genus 
Charaxes. How the larvae of C. candiope, when feeding in 
the winter on their food-plant (Croton sylvaticwm), in order 
to prevent their pupae falling when the plant sheds its 
leaves, will first take infinite pains to attach the stalk of 
that particular leaf which it intends to hang upon, to the 
branch it is on, by a silk web as firm as the one by which 
its pupa will be attached to that stalk further up. Also 
I once observed a full-grown larva of C. ethalion which 
feeds on Albizzia fastigiata (the Flat-crown Acacia), walk- 
ing slowly along a bare stalk, scanning as it went on 
either side to find a leaf; but all the leaves on that stalk 
had already been eaten, so he travelled quite to the end 
without being able to appease his hunger ; then he turned 
back and quickly retraced his steps, with every evidence 
