Larvae and Pupae of South African Rhopalocera. 55 
brighter with more yellow in it, and none of the whitish 
touches introduced as in cithaeron larvae. I now began 
to see that, after all the trouble we had had, my success 
with these xiphares was going to be anything but un- 
precedented; they did not like what to them was the 
unnatural heat of the coast, and though they still continued 
to feed, no attempt at pupation took place till May 4, the 
day after my return to Durban. The pupa was much 
smaller than I knew well in order to produce a full-sized 
butterfly of this large species it had any business to be. 
The remaining larvae got on still worse in Durban, and as 
the winter advanced almost gave up feeding altogether ; 
Mr. Leigh declared they were trying to hibernate, and 
indeed I think he was right; however, all either died, or 
pupated at last, and I hoped as they were such small 
pupae that they would produce ff, as I had only succeeded 
in getting one good specimen of that sex, owing to its 
extraordinary scarcity ; but in this I was disappointed, I 
bred nothing but rather undersized 2 ? (the last to emerge 
was before the end of June), and it has occurred to me 
that for some reason or other this species may possibly 
eventually be proved to be partially parthenogenetic, but 
this, on my part, is only a suggestion, and in order to be 
proved will have to be followed up and worked out by 
some one else. 
5. Salamis anacardi, Linn. 
(Plate IX, figs. 5a, 50.) 
I believe the full-grown larva of this butterfly was not 
previously known to entomologists, at least not when I 
was at Durban in February 1908, for though there was no 
doubt that its food-plant is Lsoglossa woodii, ova having 
frequently been obtained, the young larvae had always 
invariably declined to eat, so that up to now all attempts to 
rear them had proved unsuccessful. However, on February 
3, 1908, I found a full-grown larva in Stella Bush, near 
Durban, which I describe as follows :—Head shiny, burnt- 
sienna in colour, the ground-colour velvety russet-brown, 
with three yellow stripes close together on each segment, 
two long stiff brown “antler” projections in front, with 
rough pectinated spikes all over the body of the larva, 
though the two in front were considerably longer than 
the rest. It pupated two days after I had it, the pupa 
