Cana) 
XVII. A factor in the production of mutual resemblance 
in allied species of Butterflies: a presumed 
Millerian combination of Euploeas in South 
India and Amauris wm South Africa. By 
LIEUT.-COLONEL N. MAnpDERS, F.ZS., F.E.S. 
[Read February 1st, 1911. | 
Iv may be in the recollection of some of the Fellows of 
the Society that shortly after the appearance of Mr. J.C. 
Moulton’s paper in our Transactions in 1908 * I expressed 
the opinion in a letter to Mr. Tutt that some cause 
other than the experimental attacks of young birds 
produced the very remarkable similarity which is so 
noticeable among the three species of Huploea inhabiting 
South India, and which Mr. Moulton describes and figures 
as a Miillerian combination. 
In the absence of Mr. Moulton, Professor Poulton replied 
to my criticisms, and I have hitherto reframed from 
further discussion in the hope that I might have an 
opportunity of proceeding to Southern India to study these 
insects in their native haunts, and ascertain whether there 
was any substantial reason for upholding Mr. Moulton’s 
view or my own. I have had the good fortune lately to 
spend three months in different parts of that country 
where these insects occur, and I venture, therefore, to 
express the conclusions to which I have come. 
It is nct my purpose to discuss the whole Miillerian 
theory, this I hope to do when my tour of foreign service 
is over; but I may say that my observations and experi- 
ments on birds in the wild state do not support the 
opinion largely held by entomologists that Danaines and 
Euploeines are practically free from the attacks of birds ; 
so far as my experience goes at present they are as liable 
* “On some of the principal Mimetic (Miillerian) Combinations 
of Tropical American Butterflies.” Sub-section “ Certain Miillerian 
Combinations among the Danainae of the Old World,” p. 603, 
pl xxxiv. 
TRANS, ENT, SOC, LOND. 1911.—PART II. (OCT.) 
