506 Dr. 'T. A. Chapman on the 
is, for example, a short anastomosis in sudetica and long in 
ingratella, 
There are, however, two species that do not quite 
fall in with these simple divisions. These are crataegella 
and pallida, and of European species, centwriella and 
pyrenaealis equally occupy distinct and isolated positions. 
Of the various authorities I have so far referred to, beyond 
placing the root-feeders and moss-feeders more or less to- 
gether, none give any indications of the natural affinities 
of the species and consequent divisions of the genus. 
To find anything of this sort we have to go back to 
Guenée (1854). With the exception of pyrenaealis and 
crataegella, he distinguishes each of the divisions that I find 
in fact to exist, and even pyrenacalis, though not separated, 
is placed at the top of its division as not quite according 
with the others. Crataegella thus forms the only new 
section that I recognise, and I certainly was somewhat 
surprised to find the genitalia gave it so definite a position, 
as I fully sympathised with those entomologists who found 
it difficult to separate it from frequentella (mercurella), 
although the distinguishing markings though small, are 
very definite. 
Stephens (Illust. Haust. iv) and Zeller (Linn. Ent., i 
p- 262) afford no assistance in showing the mutual 
relationship of the species. 
Ochrealis ought to be referred to, it is really not a 
Scoparia. Neither the clasp, the uncus or the tenth sternite 
are at all like those of any other species, and the cornuti 
contained in the aedoeagus are 50 or 60 in number, short 
acute spines, ranged 3 or 4 wide along the whole length, 
not altogether unlike, say, Acronycta tridens, but with no 
resemblance whatever to any Scoparia. 
Guenée gave this a separate genus, Cholius, in which he 
was quite right, but probably, as he says, wrong in placing 
it in Crambina, but also wrong in replacing it in Scoparia. 
The real place seems to be somewhere in Pyraustinae. 
It may or may not be the nearest pyraustid to Scoparia, 
but it is not very near. 
Putting ochrealis aside, all the other species I have 
examined are certainly tolerably closely related, but admit 
of being easily divided into groups, which may be called 
genera or subgenera, 
The divisions are practically those instituted by Guenée. 
He did not give them names, and this may account for 
