Life History of Hesperia sidae, Esp. 575 
heat often show the same reddish tint. However, I soon 
discovered that it was quite lively, moving the fore part 
of its body from side to side when touched. It was well 
attached to the silk lining the nest by the hooks of the 
anal pair of prolegs. There was no other attachment. 
The pupa had formed by the morning of April 22. It 
was fixed to the silk by the cremastral hooks, and the 
larval skin, shrunken to a small wad, was tucked under 
the abdomen near the end of the body. 
The pupa is thickly covered with a white, floury substance which 
hides its real colour. When this is rubbed off, the wing cases are 
seen to be of a shade between putty colour and light mahogany ; 
thorax, head and abdomen mahogany, the abdomen lighter beneath. 
Cremaster dark mahogany. 
Shape.— Head large and broad ; eyes large and prominent. Thorax 
broad, rounded, not very prominent ; cremaster long, with a very 
slight ventral curve. The proboscis, leg and antennae cases are 
fairly prominent. The proboscis exceeds the apices of the wings, 
reaching to the posterior edge of the 4th abdominal segment. 
The upper line of profile when the pupa is lying on its back, runs 
up gradually to the 3rd abdominal segment (under wing cases), after 
which it curves downwards again towards the cremaster. The profile 
of the dorsum, after the swelling of the thorax, shows a straight line 
to the posterior edge of 4th abdominal segment, after which it slopes 
to the cremaster. Excepting on the appendage cases, the pupa is 
hairy. The hairs are light brown, short, and not very numerous. 
The eye parts, with the exception of the glazed eye, are hairy. On 
the top of the head the hairs curve forward, on the abdominal seg- 
ments they are directed backward, and are more numerous and 
longer from the 4th abdominal segment to the cremaster. The 
thorax has not many hairs. They are shorter and scarcer on the 
ventral surface of abdominal segments than on the dorsum. 
Total length 18 mm.; length of cremaster 1°6 mm. ; from anterior 
extremity to apices of wing cases 12:2 mm.; width across eyes 
3°6 mm.; across shoulders 5 mm.; across 3rd abdominal segment 
56 mm.; depth of thorax 5 mm.; of 3rd abdominal segment 
5°2 mm. 
On May 10 the eyes had darkened, and the wing cases 
were of an opaque putty colour beneath their floury 
covering. 
By May 20 the pupa was dark, and the wing cases 
showed the white markings of the imago on a black 
