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of great value under certain circumstances. As yet we have no way of con- 

 trolling scale insects, aphis and red bugs by dusting. The commercial apple- 

 grower will have to spray for these troubles as in the past. The dust method 

 will be of most value to the man having a large orchard of big trees. It is a 

 difficult task to complete the spraying of such orchards within the short 

 periods which the rapid development of the blossoms leaves for the work. 

 It often happens in Western New York that the time for effective spraying 

 is confined to four days and one of these days occasionally falls on Sunday 

 — a period much too short in which to spray fifty acres of large Baldwin or 

 Greening trees. Of course the work could be done by employing a large 

 force of men and teams and making use of several spray rigs, but with the 

 press of other work at that season of the year, such a course is impracticable. 

 The dust can be applied so much more rapidly — in about one-fifth of the 

 time in such orchards — that its use will serve to help solve the problem. 

 Furthermore, it often happens that the ground is so wet and soft as the time 

 when the application should be made that it is impossible to use a heavy 

 spraying rig. A dusting outfit is so light that it can be used at almost any 

 time regardless of the condition of the ground. 



At present the dusting method of applying insectic des and fungicides 

 is to be advised only as supplementary to the usual spraying practices under 

 certain conditions. It will also prove of value in the small home orchard; 

 here the material can be applied with a small hand duster. A full account 

 of these experiments will be found in bulletins 340 and 354 of the Cornell 

 University Agricultural Experiment Station. 



Apple Red Bugs. 



The apple red bugs are native American insects that have only recently 

 attracted attention by their attacks on apples. They were first observed 

 by the late Professor M. V. Slingerland in 1894 but at that time seemed to 

 be of little importance. In 1908 there occurred a serious outbreak in several 

 New York orchards. Since that time they have been gradually becoming 

 more numerous and destructive. There are two species of red bugs concerned 

 in producing this injury to apples, one known as the true red bug and the 

 other as the false. Both species pass the winter as eggs in the smaller apple 

 twigs. The egg is inserted its full length into the bark and the cap at the 

 truncate anterior end lies flush with the surface. The eggs of the true red 

 bug are usually inserted at the base of the the fruit spurs or around the buds; 

 those of the false red bug are usually inserted in the lenticels of the two-year- 

 old wood. The eggs of the true red bug hatch just as the leaves around the 



