41 



the spread of such important pests as the Green Aphis and the Rosy Aphis, 

 Aphis malt and Aphis sorbi. 



My next stand is the following one: If the Provincial Government, 

 for any reason, still retains this insect on its list of noxious insects in the 

 Province of Quebec, on the same footing as the Brown Tail Moth, the 

 Gypsy Moth and the San Jose Scale, then a certificate should be given 

 to the nurseryman who destroys any noxious insect found upon a few trees 

 in the nursery row. I can justify this stand by quoting you the following 

 personal opinion of one who is in a position to speak to us officially as the 

 Dominion Entomologist of Canada: "I may say that if as a result of the 

 inspection of a nursery I only found a few trees infected with any insect 

 scheduled as noxious I should be willing to furnish a certificate of nursery 

 inspection, after all the trees which had been found infested had been de- 

 stroyed in my presence; for I could then certify that the nursery was to 

 my belief free from the insect pests in question." 



Besides, this stand is in accordance with the universal practice of al^ 

 nursery inspection; and just to give you an example, I may state that 

 in the year 1911, out of a total of 864,946 apple trees inspected in Colorado, 

 there were only 210 condemned for Aphids; and that out of a total for fruit 

 trees of 1,286,509 that is, apple, pear, cherry and plum trees , there were 

 only 29,476 trees. Now of this last total only for one disease, the Crown 

 Gall of the apple, there were 24,223 trees. These trees destroyed, a cer- 

 tificate of inspection was delivered to the 36 nurserymen who owned the 

 trees; of which, however, four nurserymen had their certificates withheld 

 until provision was made for the fumigation of their stock on account 

 of San Jose Scale. 



Perhaps it would be well to say here just how this inspection was 

 made. While there are some diseases, such as Crown Gall and Hairy Root, 

 that cannot be readily detected in the nursery until the stock is taken 

 from the ground, most pests can be detected easily in the rows while the 

 trees are growing. It is not practicable, nor necessary, to examine every 

 tree that is growing therein. Enough should be examined, however, so 

 that an inspector feels satisfied that certain pests or diseases do or do not 

 occur. Probably the best way to examine a block of trees to accomplish 

 this is to cross the rows in each block for its entire width, a number of times, 

 each time at a different place. The places selected for crossing may be 

 chosen by the general appearance of the block and what it is thought is 

 liable to occur there. Ordinarily, rows should be crossed every forty or 

 fifty feet. The inspector should move slowly and look at trees on each 



