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plans for rendering the Park an attractixc pleasure ground have been 

 carried out. 



Formerly the area consisted of a mixed coniferous forest; cedar, Thuya 

 plicata, Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga, mucronata Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis, 

 and hemlock, Tsiiga heterophylla, being the chief species; most of the present 

 stock on the ground is second growth, however, the area having been 

 logged over, and only a small percentage of the large trees left standing. 

 The present coniferous forest is in most places intermixed with a consid- 

 erable proportion of broad-leaved species, and these in a few localities 

 seem to be in sole possession of the ground. A few years ago it was noticed 

 that the coniferous trees, more especially the hemlock and the Sitka spruce, 

 were in a very unhealth>- condition, quite a number of trees being dead, 

 and others in a dying condition. 



In 1913 an enquiry was instituted; Mr. H. T. Gussow. Dominion 

 Botanist and Mr. J. M. Swaine, Assistant Entomologist for Forest Insects, 

 examined the area, and reported on the conditions. The facts ascertained 

 in this preliminary enquiry were briefly these: 



I. Many of the largest cedars, were found to be top-killed, which, 

 it was stated, was due to fungus disease. 



II. The Sitka spruce was found to be sufifering from the attacks of 

 a species of Gall Aphis of the genus Chermes, which was found to have 

 been in large measure the cause of the death of many trees. In certain 

 circumscribed areas an injurious bark beetle, Dendroctonus ohesiis Lee, 

 was also found to be working havoc among the spruce. This beetle has 

 been found to be injurious to spruce in other parts of British Columbia. 



III. The hemlock in many parts of the Park had been defoliated 

 several years in succession by the caterpillar of a geometrid moth of the 

 genus Thcrina, the caterpillars and adults being seen in large numbers 

 in the summer and fall of 1913, and in previous years. 



In the summer of 1914, a closer investigation of insect conditions 

 in the Park was undertaken, a Forest Insect Laboratory being established 

 for the purpose. The main objects aimed at were the tracing out of the 

 life-history of the Gall Chermes on the Sitka spruce, and the life-history 

 of the Therina on the hemlock. 



By means of cage experiments, the migration of the winged Chermes 

 issuing from the galls on the Sitka spruce in July was traced to the Douglas 

 fir, which fact was observed also under natural conditions, many winged 

 forms being found on the needles of Douglas fir in the open. The sub- 

 sequent life- history of the Chermes was determined almost completely, 



