75 



In the course of this survey notes were taken of the general condi- 

 tion of the spruce and hemlock over the area; the results of which showed 

 that a large number of spruce had died from the attack by the Gall Chermes. 

 The hemlock in places had been killed by repeated defoliation; but in the 

 summer of 1914 it was noted that the Therina had greatly decreased in 

 numbers, parasitism being assigned as the probable cause; a Tachinid 

 was found parasitilizing the larvae in considerable numbers. In the case 

 of the smaller trees, in 1914 the injury inflicted was practically nil. 



The question of remedial measures in the case of Stanley Park can 

 be divided into three heads, Clean Culture, Artificial Control Measures, 

 and Reforestation. Plans have been submitted for the removal of all 

 dead and dying trees, beginning with those trees which by their condi- 

 tion threaten to become a source of infection for their healthy neighbours. 



Artificial control in this case includes two important operations » 

 spraying the hemlocks with lead arsenate for the control of the defoli- 

 ating caterpillars, and spraying the spruce foliage with contact insecti- 

 cides to check the spread of the destructive spruce gall aphis. The power 

 sprayers now available enable us to spray foliage up to 140 feet high, 

 wheri a ladder or high platform is used. If this spraying could have been 

 done two years ago very many of the hemlocks and all the smaller spruce 

 along the driveways might have been saved. The damage from the 

 caterpillars is now about over, however, and the lower spruce foliage 

 nearly all destroyed, so that spraying operations will not be undertaken 

 for the present. Experimental spraying determined that the spruce 

 gall aphis could be controlled very readily with kerosene emulsion and 

 fish-oil soap mixtures. 



Under the third head comes the question of the choice of species with 

 which to replant the areas which should be cleared. Owing to its limited 

 extent, Stanley Park lends itself admirably to the European System of arti- 

 ficial sylvicultural regeneration of forest areas by planting. The species 

 which has been recommended as being the most suitable for this pur- 

 pose is the Douglas fir, which is claimed to be the healthiest conifer on 

 the Pacific Coast. Such a scheme of regeneration, if carried out intelli- 

 gently, would in all probability have the effect of transforming this beauti- 

 ful park once more into a living paradise of nature, instead of being a place 

 where one may see the dead and rotting trunks of forest giants which 

 have gone before. 



