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Control Measures. — The dying tips should be cut off below the 

 infested portion in July and left near the infested trees in boxes or barrels 

 securely covered with window screen or wire netting. This will retain 

 the beetles but allow the useful parasites which may be present to escape. 

 Burning the infested shoots collected is a less desirable way of destroying 

 the grubs. 



The Spruce Gall Aphids, Chermes similis and Chermes abietis, are 

 the most destructive enemies of cultivated spruces throughout Eastern 

 Canada. These two species of plant lice feed in the axils of the young 

 needles, sucking the juices. The irritat on causes an abnormal growth 

 of the bases of the needles so that eventually a more or less cone-like gall 

 is produced. The affected twigs are frequently killed, and many fine 

 ornamental spruces in different parts of Quebec Province have been badly 

 disfigured or destroyed in recent years by these two species. 



Thorough spraying of the infested trees with whale-oil soap, one pound 

 to two gallons of water, in early spring while the trees are dormant, is 

 recommended. "Black leaf 40" at the rate of 1 to 500 has given excellent 

 results. "Black leaf 40," 1 to 800 added to soap at the strength of one lb. 

 to four gallons of water makes an effective spray for these pests. 



The Spruce Bud -worm, Tortrix fumiferana, has been an important 

 forest enemy in large areas of Quebec for some years, and has been fre- 

 quently reported injuring ornamental spruces. The small caterpillars 

 feed upon the opening buds, and later upon the needles, which they tie 

 together with silk. The injury to many buds checks the season's growth, 

 and the dying, partly-eaten leaves with the excrement and silk spun 

 irregularly by the larvae give the trees a scorched appearance and detract 

 largely from their beauty. They may be controlled by spraying with 

 Paris green or lead arsenate. 



The Spruce or Fir Saw-fly, Lophyms abietis, is rather abundant 

 locally in some seasons, and if not checked may more or less completely 

 defoliate spruces and firs. The young are caterpillar-like saw-fly larvae 

 about one-half an inch long, with a black head and striped dark green 

 body. They feed voraciously upon the needles. 



Sawfly larvae, or false caterpillars, of this and other species found 

 upon cultivated spruce, fir and pine are readily controlled by spraying 

 the infested foliage with lead arsenate or Paris green. 



The Larch Case Bearer, Coleophora laricella, sometimes disfigures 

 ornamental larches, and is sufficiently abundant in parts of Eastern Canada 

 to be considered an injurious insect. It frequently precedes an outbreak 



