74 PROTECTION OF PLANTS, 1915-16 



remained until the end of September, when they left the clover plants to 

 hibernate as adults in lumps of manure and vegetable matter beneath the 

 soil. 



The insect has been introduced from Europe. It has been collected 

 at Framingham, Mass., and at Ithaca and Oswego, N.Y. It has, however, 

 not been recorded as a pest in America before, and Dr. Marshall, the Direc- 

 tor of the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, tells me that he can find no 

 European references to it as an injurious species. 



The insect is undoubtedly a potentially injurious one, but whether 

 it will be a permanent pest or will only flash into significance intermittently 

 it is impossible to say at present. I have collected it every year since 

 1912, but not until last year was it present in sufficient numbers to be re- 

 garded as injurious. Next season observations on the insect will be contin- 

 ued for the purpose of collecting further data on its life history and habits. 



Locusts. The locust outbreak was very severe in the province of Que- 

 bec during the season of 1915. Grain, hay, root crops as well as garden 

 crops were attacked. In most parts of the province the species most abun- 

 dant was the Lesser Migratory Locust (Melanoplus atlanis) ; in the neigh- 

 borhood of Ste. Annes, however, the Red-legged locust {M. femur ruhrum) 

 was the most abundant species. The striped locust {M. hivittatus) as well as 

 some other forms in lesser numbers also did some injury. The poisoned 

 bran mash (Kansas formula) was used to protect the experimental root 

 and grain fields at Macdonald College. This was not quite as effective as 

 expected and considerable injury occurred after its application, owing 

 probably to the fact that the locusts migrated from the neighboring untreat- 

 ed fields. This fact emphasises the need of co-operation among farmers 

 in the control of this pest and others similar to it. 



Insects Attacking Field and Garden Crops 



Cutworms. Another very serious outbreak of cutworms occurred in 

 parts of the province, resulting in considerable loss to growers of field and 

 garden crops. The species causing most injury in the Montreal district 

 was the Striped Cutworm (Euxoa tessellata). These insects were attacked 

 by several parasites and the number of moths observed was quite small 

 in proportion to the number of caterpillars. It is therefore probable that 

 there will be less injury next season. 



Root Maggots. Cruciferous crops suffered heavily from the attacks 

 of two similar maggots, the Cabbage root maggot (Chortophila brass icae) 



