124 



I'KOTli;^ TIO\ OK TLAXTS, 1916 



the insect attaches a leaf to a fruit, fee;!ing between the two and injuring 

 the surface of the apple. Such apples of course become culls, or at the best 

 number threes. 



. In the fall this side injury is more^ pronounced. The caterpillars often 

 bore into the fruit and feed beneath the surface making quite large wounds. 

 The point where two apples are in contact is often chosen by the insect, in 

 which case both apples are injured. (Fig. 16.) 



Life History 



The date at which the adults begin to appear varies somewhat accord- 

 ing to the lateness or earliness ot the season. Usually in Quebec the first 

 adults appear about tlie 20th of June, and the emergence of adults con- 

 tinues for about four weeks. Thus in 1913 the first adult was observed on 

 June 21st and the last on July 21st. In 1914 the first moths appeared on 

 June 20th and one was found in the orchard as late as August 10th. In 

 1913 the season was almost two weeks earlier than in 1914 and the bud 

 moths emerged correspondingly early, the dates of the first and last emer- 

 gence being June 16th and July 19th respectively. 



Mating and Oviposition. — The mo\hs are quiescent during the day, re- 

 maining concealed beneath the leaves until night, when they become active. 



Mating and oviposition take place during the night. The female 

 may begin to lay its eggs as early as 24 hours after emergence. 



In the orchard the eggs are almost invariably laid singly on the lower 

 surface of the leaf.' Only in comparatively rare cases are they laid in 

 small groups.^ 



As shown by the following table the oviposition of a single female is 

 usually distributed over several days. 



TABLE I. 

 Number of Eggs Laid and Length of the Oviposition Period 



1 Theobald states that in England the eggs are usually laid on the upper surface. The 

 tendency to lay on the upper surface is quite marked when the moths are kept in confinement. 



^In confinement the eggs may be laid in large groups; as many as thirty-six eggs have 

 been counted in a single cluster laid by a moth confined in a glass bottle. 



