REPORT OF THE SOCIETY M 



The eggs of nasalis and haemorrhoidalis hatch freely in the absence of both 

 moisture and friction. 



Newly-Emerged Larvae. 



The larvae can be easily and readily distinguished in the first stage by differ- 

 ences in the arrangements of the spiny, segmental armature and by the spiracles. 

 In nasalis there are but 12 segments in contra-distinction to the thirteen of the 

 other two, and this species also bears rather elongated slender hairs. 



Some experiments were carried out by Dr. Hadwen and the author, (loc. cit). 

 in which the ability of the newly-hatched larvae to penetrate animal tissue was 

 tested. Most success was obtained in the case of mucous membranes taken from 

 horses and a calf, the tissues being removed from animals recently killed. It was 

 demonstrated that the larvae will penetrate the buccal mucosa, especially that of 

 the tongue, where they apparently find conditions most suitable for their burrow- 

 ing activities in the fossae of the fungiform papillae. 



It is not unlikely, in this connection, that the scabby pimples, which are to 

 be found on the lips and inter-maxillary space of horses, are respectively due to 

 the direct penetration of the larvae of haemorrJwidalis and nasalis. This requires 

 confirmation; but the parallel condition, which one finds at the places of penetra- 

 tion of warble-fly maggots in cattle, lends support to this hypothesis. 



Control. 



So far as internal remedies are concerned, veterinarians generally administer 

 turpentine in four-ounce doses, the doses repeated three or four times. After the last 

 dose, the animal is given one ounce of powdered aloes. 



To protect horses from oviposition, it is recommended, where possible, to 

 keep the animals stabled during the day and allow them to roam at large at night. 



Careful grooming and a discreet use of the curry-comb will serve to remove 

 eggs from the animals' coats. To kill the grubs inside the eggs, the application of 

 kerosene, benzine, or gasoline is effective. As, however, the egg cases continue 

 attached to the hairs after the grubs have hatched, it is not always easy to 

 distinguish with the naked eye whether the eggs have hatched or not. Apart from 

 the removal of the very minute lid, the hatched egg appears exactly like the un- 

 hatched to the inexperienced. Therefore, the removal of the eggs in grooming, 

 either with the curry-comb or with a sharp razor or clippers, will prove most 

 satisfactory. 



In order to protect working animals against the flies when they are laying 

 their eggs, many farmers have adopted fly nets. These are made of cords fastened 



