30 PROTECTION OF PLANTS — 1922-23 



I feel satisfied therefore that to get the best results from his currant plot, 

 especially from black currants, the grower should keep the foliage well sprayed 

 with Bordeaux throughout the months of May and June or in other words until 

 nearly the time when the fruit is ripe. The greater vigor of the plants and the 

 increased annulal yield will much more than pay for the material and time re- 

 quired in spraying. 



No poison need be used on black currants, because the currant worm does 

 not attack this variety. However on red currants poison should be added to 

 the second application to destroy the worms. 



Value of a Casein-Lime Spreader. 



Casein-lime spreaders, especially the brand known as Kayso, were widely 

 advertised last year and were tested by many experimenters almost all over 

 North America. I used Kayso along with lime-sulphur and arsenate of lead on 

 about 75 Mcintosh and Fameuse trees in Norfolk county and in doing so followed 

 closely the directions of the manufacturers. The substance mixed well with 

 the water and the other spray ingredients and gave evidence of being a good 

 spreader. It was used first in the spray just before the blossoms opened and 

 then in the one just after the blossoms fell. On examining the leaves soon after 

 the spraying was done, one felt well satisfied that the spreader had helped to 

 make a thorough job and had given a more uniform covering then would other- 

 wise have been the case; but ten days after the later spray the orchard was 

 again e;xavmined and the leaves on all four rows found to have numerous small 

 brown specks which were clearly due to the Kayso, as the leaves on trees along 

 side in which this substance had been omitted had no injury. So numerous 

 were these spots on the Kayso rows that I felt that another application of this 

 substance would be altogether too dangerous, and so it was omitted in the next 

 spray. 



The codling moth was so well controlled all over the orchard by all mix- 

 tures that no conclusions can be drawn'as to the value of the spreader in the 

 control of tihis pest. 



Early scab, that is scab which developed before the first of July was well 

 controlled on the rows in which the spreader was used but the difference between 

 these rows and tliose alongside was only approximately 1%, this being in favour 

 of the Kayso. 



In addition to my own results I learned at Rochester in January the results 

 from this spreader obtained in New York. The Entomologists there were 

 agreed that the benefit from casein-lime spreaders was so small that it would 

 not pay for the extra expense incurred in purchasing the material. 



