REPORT OF THE SOCIETY 65 



as well as hyphal bodies from both the conidial and resting spore stages were 

 experimented with at different times and in a number of different media, 

 but no success followed these efforts. Although this was not altogether a 

 surprise, still, it was disappointing as it was hoped that it might be possib]«* 

 to grow conidia artificially and spray them on the insects in the field. 



When it was found that such a method was impossible, a study of the 

 disease was commenced in the field to see if the fungus could not be spread 

 by transferring diseased insects in different stages from one orchard or from 

 one locality to another. This work has been carried on over two summers 

 and it can be said now quite safely that the fungus can be spread, and has been 

 spread, artificially very successfully from orchard to orchard. It also seems 

 quite probable that by the same methods it will be possible to transfer the 

 fungus from one locality to another. This will be tried out next summer for 

 the first time. • 



In regard to methods, it has been found that there are three ways in which 

 the fungus may be spread. These will be taken up separately and described 

 in more or less detail. 



Methods No. 1: Undoubtedly the best method so far tested out is the one 

 in which freshl^'^-ruptured insects, which are actively discharging spores, are 

 transferred from an infected orchard into one showing no signs of the disease. 

 Several orchards have been treated in this way and good results have always 

 followed. The conidia discharged from the introduced insects infect the 

 adults with the result that an outbreak of the disease takes place and a large 

 number of bugs crawl away under the bark where resting spores are produced. 

 In the spring these germinate in the manner already described and the emerging 

 nymphs are attacked by the fungus. 



In carrying out this experiment care must be taken to gather the ruptured 

 insects while fresh. This can be done to best advantage early in the morning 

 when the dew is still on the tress. Also best results followed when the diseased 

 forms were introduced into heavily infested orchards, for the heavier was the 

 infestation, the faster did the epidemic spread. 



Methods No. 2: In the late summer when all the Green Apple Bugs have 

 reached the adult stage one often sees in orchards where the disease is present 

 numbers of these insects scurrying around on the larger branches, apparently 

 looking for a convenient place in which to hide. These are diseased forms in 

 search of secluded spots where they may crawl away and die. If a number 

 of such insects are captured while still alive and introducted into an orchard, 

 they quickly find shelter underneath the bark of these trees. Here the resting 

 spores are formed and in the spring primary infection of the young nymphs 

 takes place throu,gh conidia arising from this source. As many diseased 



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