38 PROTECTION OF PLANTS^ — 1923-24 



other insecticides. For instance, in the latter year, 194,000 pounds of Paris 

 green were sokl, and 80,600 pounds of other insecticides. The latter amount 

 included, 60,000 pounds of arsenate of lead which up to 1918 had been used 

 sparingly except in certain of the apple growing sections. The value of 

 insecticides used by farmers of the province in 1921 was $175,000, according 

 to Mr. Fetch. 



Special studies of the bionomics and control of the Apple Maggot, Rhagoletis 

 pomo7iella Walsh, the Plum Curculio, C onotrachelus nenwphar Herbst., and the 

 Apple Curculio, Anthonomus quadrigibbus Say, have been undertaken by the 

 officer in charge of our laboratory at Hemmingford and the results of control 

 studies have been demonstrated in commercial orchards. A practical apple- 

 orchard spray calendar prepared by Mr. Petch, in collaboration with Mr. G. 

 Maheux, the Provincial Entomologist, is being followed by many fruit growers 

 of the province. Important data have also been secured on the value of dusting 

 orchard trees and the spraying and dusting of potatoes. Demonstrations in the 

 dusting and spraying of apple orchards in co-operation with the provincial 

 Department of Agriculture, have been conducted in the important fruit centres. 

 At the Hemmingford lal:)oratory, too, investigations on live stock insects, 

 particularly warble flies, have been undertaken. As mentioned in the report of 

 the Dominion Entomologist for 1917 and 1918, "Cattle which were given the 

 protection of an open shed during 1916, were found to be rree from warbles in 

 1916, thus demonstrating the value of shade into which the warble flies appear 

 to be disinclined to penetrate." 



Forest insect investigations in Quebec province during the past ten years 

 have made much progress. The outbreak of the Spruce Bud worm, Harmologa 

 fumiferana Clem., has enabled officers of the Division of Forest Insects, parti- 

 cularly Drs. Swaine and Craighead, to undertake intensive studies. Ground 

 and air surveys of infested territory have been made and a mass of scientific 

 data obtained and, as mentioned previously, much of this information will soon 

 be published. In 1916, studies of dying spruce on the Black and Nation 

 Rivers, were incepted by Dr. Swaine; the Four-eyed Spruce Bark-beetle, 

 Polygraphus rufipennis Kby., being found to be directly associated with the 

 injury. In 1917, a temporary forest insect laboratory was established at Fort 

 Coulonge, Que., to investigate the li^e-histories and control of cerambycid 

 and buprestid beetles. During recent years several summer camps for the study 

 of forest insects have been established in Quebec province, as for instance at 

 Lake Edward and Lac Tremblant, and a special study of the Destructive Eastern 

 Spruce Bark-beetle, Dendroctonus piceaperda Hopk., in Quebec province is in 

 progress. In the Gaspe area, valuable spruce stands are affected. Other 

 importa,nt bark-beetles are also being investigated. A forest insect laboratory 

 was erected at Aylmer, Que., in 1920, with Mr. C. B. Hutchings in charge. 

 At this laboratory such important pests as the Bronze Birch Borer, Agrilus 

 anxi'us Gory; the Oak Carpenter Worm, Prion oxystus macmurtrei Guer.; the 

 Birch-leaf Skeletonizer, Bucculairix canadensisella Chamb., etc., have been 

 studied. Forest insect material is sent to this laboratory from the forests of 

 Quebec and Ontario for biological studies. 



During the year 1915, the writer directed a widespread grasshopper cam- 

 paign in affected localities in Quebec province with the assistance of Messrs. 

 Petch, Beaulieu and Beaulne, of the federal service, and resident parish prie-sts. 

 In all, 33,000 acres of growing crops (oats, hay, etc.), were treated with poison- 

 ed bait, as a result of which a re,establlshment 3f agriculture in the infested 

 regions was possible. This was the first large field crop control campaign 



