72 PROTECTION OF PLANTS — 1923-24 



In experimenting with insecticides, much time and labom* may often be 

 saved, useless materials may often be readily eliminated, very exact data may 

 often be secured by conducting small scale experiments in the laboratory or 

 insectary with definite numbei's of eggs, adults or larvae. The most promising 

 materials can then be tested in blocks or plots, and finally under commercial 

 conditions. 



Because of the immensity of the field, and the comparatively small number 

 of laborers in Canada, the orchard entomologist has to do a certain amount of 

 extension as well as research work. Personally, I consider this a blessing and 

 not an evil. 1 am of the opinion that the investigator who always has in his 

 mind, as it were, a bird's eye view of the whole field of fruit growing is in the 

 best position to secure results which can l)e converted into orchard practices. 

 This bird's eye view can best be secured and retained by doing some extension 

 work, by keeping in actual contact with fruit growers, and by seeing things 

 from their point of view as well as from that of the entomologist. With this 

 bird's eye view, the investigator is not apt to discover remedies which are im- 

 practicable because they are too costly, or because they are otherwise incompa- 

 tible with commercial fruit growing. 



Our extension work at Vineland embraces (1) answering inquiries received 

 through the mail or over the telephone. (2) Visiting to as great an extent as 

 possible, growers with special problems who call on us for assistance. (3) 

 Adressing meetings of fruit growers. (4) Contributing articles to agricultural 

 papers. (5) Sending out mimeographed letters with timely advice in them to 

 men who are sufficiently interested to have their names put on our mailing list. 

 (6) Conducting orchard demonstrations. We make it a rule to work only 

 with bona fide fruit growers, or at least with men who make an honest attempt 

 to grow good fruit, and our days are so fully occupied in doing so that there is 

 little or no time left to devote to the indifferent farmer, who is not and never will 

 be, a fruit grower. We have become sufficiently disillusionized to know that 

 efforts put forth to reclaim neglected, pestridden orchards, which are in the 

 hands of indifferent farmers, ai'e doomed to failure, no matter how much 

 enthusiasm, labour and time are expended. 



PLANT DISEASES IN RELATION TO CERTIFICATION OF SEEDS 



H. T. Gussow, F. L. S. Dom. Botanist 



It is always of interest to review progress in science and the value of pure 

 science applied to the many and varied problems engaging the attention of 

 mankind. In agriculture and related industries we are especially interested; 

 and all of us who have given thought to such a point must have realized how 



