114 PROTECTION OF PLANTS — 1923-24 



This should be carefully sprayed into the exit holes and wherever there 

 are indications of larvae working. 



Birds, especially those of the woodpecker species, form an important factor 

 in natural control. Their presence in parks and gardens should be more en- 

 couraged, and their safety and protection assured by well enforced legislation. 

 Parasites would seem to play little part in natural control. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



A search for previous biological records of P. macmurtrei reveals very 

 httle literature on this subject and most of this is devoted to systematic studies. 

 The rest, with perhaps the exception of studies by Lugger and Linter, is 

 composed entirely of check list tabulations, very brief references and short 

 notes. These records have been listed below in chronological order. 



17.58 Linnaeus Systema Naturae, Vol. 1, p. 504. 



1820 Guerin, (Cossus) Icon. Reg. Anim. Ins. pi. 8.5, f.2. 



1832 Gray Griffith, (Cossus) Anim. Kingd. XV, 604, pi. 84, f.2. 



1837 Cuvier, Animal Kingdom Vol. IV, pi. 95, f. 2. 



1859 Fitch, (Cossus) Rep. Ins. X. Y. Vol. V, 10. 



1862 Morris, (Cossus) Sati. of Lep. X. Am. p. 125. 



1878 Lintner, (Cossus) Rep. X. Y. State Mus. XXX, p. 346. 



1882 Grote, Xew Check List, p. 21. 



1883 Bailev, Bull, Dept. Agri. Ent. Ill, 55, pi. 2, ff. 4 & 5. 

 1883 Lintner, Psvche Vol. IV. p. 105 <fe 106. 



1890 Packard, Fifth Ann. Rept. pp. 58 & 59. 



1891 Lugger, Psvche Vol. VI, p. 108, pi. 3, ff. 1 & 2. 



1892 Kirby, (Trypanus) Cat. Lep. Het. 1, 867. 



1893 Ehrmann, Can. Ent. Vol. 25, p. 257. 



1894 Xeumoeger & Dyar, Jour. X. Y. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 163. 



1895 Lugger, First Rept. Minnesota p. 95. 



1902 Dvar, Check List, X. Am. Lep. p. 363. 



1903 Holland, Moth Book, p. 378. 



1903 Smith, Check List Lep. Bor. Am. p. 84. 



1906 Felt, Memoir 8, Vol. 2, p. 439. 



1911 Barnes & McDunnough, Cont. Xat. His. Lep. <fc X. Am. Vol. 1, p. 35. 



1912 "Winn. Lepidoptera, Prel. List. Ins. Pro-. Que. p. 76. 

 1915 Fracker, 111, Bio. Mono. Vol. 11, pp. 77 and 78. 



1917 Barnes & McDunnough, Check Li.st Lep. Bor. Am. p. 195. 

 1923 Hutchings. 54 Rept. Ent. Soc. of Ont. p. 63. 



A FRUIT WORM {GRAPTOLITHA LATICINEREA GROTE) AND ITS 



CONTROL 



C.-E. Petch, Dominion Entomological Laboratory, Hemmingford, Que. 



In 1915, Graptolitha bethunei G . & R. was present in all the apple orchards 

 of Huntingdon county and damaged as much as 75% of the crop in some 

 orchards. In 1922, the Saddled Prominent (Heterocampa guttivitta) defoliated 

 the sugar maples at Franklin Centre over an area of four square miles. In 1923, 

 Graptolitha laticinerea defoliated a large number of trees at Cartierville and it 

 was much more destructive on Isle Bizard. Thus almost ever.y year in this 



