REPORT OF THE SOCIETY 23 



5. The organization of courses, discussions, and lectures, on the subject of economic entomo- 



logy. 



6. Scientific hterary work which consists of recording the information obtained on the biology 



of insects and of observations on their life history. 



7. The care of the local Museum of Natural History. 



The work of the economic entomologist relative to the finding of the best measures for the 

 destruction of local insect pests, resulted in recognizing as the best, the chemical method, or spray- 

 ing with poison those plants which serve as food for the pests. In 1894 the economic entomologists 

 first made experiments by spraying orchard-gardens with a mixture of Paris green and lime; and 

 of Bordeaux mixture and Paris green. In 1896, in co-operation with the Gardening Societ}', a 

 booklet was published on the use of Paris green (this was republished several times). A large 

 amount of Paris green with copper sulphate was obtained, and American sprayers were bought. 

 In the spring of 1896 the method of spraying fruit trees with the mixture of copper sulphate and 

 Paris green was used in many orchard-gardens, and it gradually spread throughout the whole 

 of the Crimea. 



Among other insecticides which were first used in the Crimea must be mentioned the so- 

 called "gypsin" (lead arsenate), which was used under this name, thus replacing Paris green. 



Also a great deal of attention was paid to the fumigation of plants with cyanide gas for killing 

 the insects; attention was also paid to the parasitic method of destroj'ing insect pests. 



The results of the stud}- of the insect pests were pubhshed in the yearly report of the work of 

 the entomologist. 



The work of the economic entomologist, which lasted 23 years, resulted in the publication of 

 over 200 papers on these subjects. 



Kherson Entomological organization: — 



This organization , represented by an economic entomologist from the very beginning of its 

 existence, made systematic observations on the pests that appeared in the province, which were 

 reported in the yearly "Review of the enemies of agriculture in the province of Khersonsk", by 

 T. K. Pachovsky, the economic Entomologist. 



A special characteristic of this organization which is closely connected with the museum of 

 Natural History in the Zemstvo of Khersonsk, is the study of not only the injurious insects and 

 animals but also of weeds, and the economic entomologist, (who is also the superintendent of the 

 museum), has published many papers on this question. According to the yearly "Review ", the 

 last few years can be considered to have been fortunate ones for, with the exception of Cephus 

 pygmaeus which appears nearly every year in the province, other species of crop pests that are 

 usually found in the province, have not been observed. 



Among the pests that are usually found in the province are Anisoplia austriaca Herbst., 

 Euxoa segetum, Schiff, Adelphocoris lanceolatus Goex, EpicovietU hirta Roda, Phytoptus piri Sor. 

 all of which appear in some places in considerable numbers. 



Bio -entomological station n Bessarabia,(l) established 'n 1911: — 



Among the insects and parasites found in the province of Bessarabia, the station made a 

 particular study of ths p35ts and diseases of vineyards, and among them special attention was 

 paid to mildew and the means of controlling it. 



Besides this, mention must be made of work on controlling the larvae of Aihalia spinarum 

 and the big experimental work relating to the control of Lima meJampn L, and Cheimatobia 

 hrumala Lin. 



For the widest possible diffusion of knowledge regarding measures for the destruction of garden 

 pests among the population, the station devoted a considerable amount of attention to the work in 

 demonstration gardens, in the gardening regions in the province of Bessarabia. 



Ekaterinoslav Entomological Bureau: — 



Established in 1914. 



Among the field jiests in the province of Ekaterinoslav, Ozia (Tajdnostola) muscutnia Hilbn, 

 was of special importance owing to the harm done by it in 1910-1914 throughout nearlj' the whole 

 of the province. 



(l) Now part of Rouniania. 



