6 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the 
pre-eminent the remarkable fact that they a])pcar to be all 
of them nudescribed,* and that most probably, therefore, 
if they are not absolutely endemic, their areas of distribu- 
tion are exceedingly limited in extent. This however is 
nothing more than what my own experiences in the Ma- 
deiran, Canarian, and Cape Verde archipelagos would 
have led me to anticipate, for in each of those groups their 
respective Cossonidce are almost Avholly peculiar ; and the 
same is equally the case at St. Helena, and will perhaps 
be found to be so in most remotely-situated islands and 
archipelagos. But what surprises me more is that there 
does not appear to be any particular type ( judging at least 
from the material to which I have had access) Avhich, like 
Microxylohius at St. Helena and Caulotrupis in Madeira, 
would seem as it were to reign supreme, and to be ^^ar 
excellence prolific in its modifications; for, on the contrary, 
by far the greater number of the species which I have exa- 
mined appear to belong to genera which are unmistakeably 
different fi'om each other. Still, much allowance must 
doubtless be made for the limited size of the region which 
Mr. Lewis had the opportunity of investigating ; and 
I would conjecture, therefore, that if any very numerous 
additions to the Cossonideous fauna of Japan are ultimately 
made they will probably pertain for the most part to the 
genera Plilceojjhagosoma, Pseudocossonus, and Ileterar- 
tlirus, each of which have two representatives here enume- 
rated, aud the last of which appears to occur like^vise in 
Ceylon. 
One of the most salient facts is the discovery by 
Mr. Lewis of a new Pentarthrum, and also of two very 
distinct and well-mai-ked genera {^Pentacojjtus and Ty- 
chiodes) in the small subfamily of which Pentarthrnm is 
now recognized as the type, and in which the fimiculus is 
composed of only five articulations. One of these genera, 
hoAvever, namely, Tycliiodes, although communicated by 
Mr. LeAvis, Avas in reahty detected, I believe, by Dr. A. 
Adams, — aa'Iio found several examples of it in the island 
of AAvasima, near Sado, on the north-Avest coast of Nipon, 
* The only one which I feel might possil>ly prove to be an exception to 
this statement is the first species on the list, — the 'I'ctratemmis seulj/tu- 
rattis, — which seems to have a rather wider geographical range, and which 
may perhaps have been characterized as a Dnjophthorus. Still I cannot 
satisfy myself that it will quadrate with the diagnosis of any described 
siiecics; though it is certain that several closely allied forms have been 
published (I believe erroneously) as Dryophthorl. 
