60 INDIAN PIGEONS AND DOVES 
Adult female. Has the grey and lilac-purple of the male replaced with 
olive-green, varying a good deal in shade in different individuals, the head 
generally rather paler and brighter, and the fore-head suffused with yellow. 
There is no orange on the breast, which is olive-green and shades gradually 
into the yellow of the abdomen. The under tail-coverts are pale yellowish- 
buff, more or less suffused with cinnamon, especially on the basal half of the 
inner webs, and with the shortest ones freckled with dull brownish-green. 
The colours of the soft parts are the same as in the male, though some 
females seem to have the legs and feet duller and paler. 
Measurements. The females are very little, if at all smaller than the 
males. The series I have measured have an average wing of 5.52 in. 
( = 140.21 mm.), and the greatest and least length is 6.02 ( = 152.9 mm.) 
and 5.25 ( = 133.3 mm.) respectively. The tail of both sexes varies very 
greatly. A female from Manilla has a tail of 4.2 in. ( = 106.7 mm.) whilst 
another from the same place has one of only 3.4 ( = 86.3 mm.). 
Young male. Resembles the female but assumes the adult plumage 
in patches after the first autumn-moult. The rufous on the upper tail- 
coverts is not developed, and the central rectrices are more green. 
Young female “has the rufescent colour of the upper tail coverts scarcely 
visible and the central tail-feathers are more or less tinged with green ” 
(Salvadori). 
Young birds of both sexes have the iris much duller, and until the first 
autumn-moult it is generally a dull fleshy-brown. 
Despite the great difference in the size of individuals of this species, and 
the considerable variations in the depths of colouring, and the extent of yellow 
on the head, I can trace no correlation between this and the differences in their 
geographical limits. The biggest birds, undoubtedly, do come from Manilla, 
but overlapping these in size, specimens occur even amongst those obtained 
furthest away from this place. 
As regards the females from Manilla, it does appear to me that these 
have the grey tips to the tail-feathers somewhat broader and paler on the 
whole, and perhaps, also, the fore-head more yellow; but I do not consider 
the differences sufficient or sufficiently constant to warrant birds from these 
islands being separated as another subspecies. 
Salvadori records that he has “seen in the Paris Museum a variety entirely 
of a canary-yellow.” 
Distribution. Salvadori gives the range of the Pink-necked Green 
Pigeon as “Siam and Cochin China, South of Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula 
and also Sumatra, Nias, Bangha, Billiton, Java, Sambawa, Borneo, the 
Phillipines, Sulu Islands, and Celebes.” 
Within our limits it is found as far North as Mergui in Tenasserim. 
Davidson records it as very common in Tenasserim in the southern 
part of that province, and it appears to be equally common in suitable 
localities, throughout the Malay Peninsula and into Singapore. 
Nidification. At present I know of but one note on this bird’s breeding 
other than those recorded in Hume’s Nests and Eggs. In this note Major 
Baker merely says that in Singapore it breeds “ from March to May or June ; 
the usual nest and eggs.” 
Davison, in southern Tenasserim, “‘on the 12th June found a nest of this 
Pigeon in a small very dense, thorny bush. The nest was of the usual Pigeon 
and Dove type, consisting merely of a few dry twigs. It was placed about 
re 
