(30) PALUMBUS PALUMBUS CASIOTIS Bp. 
THE EASTERN WOOD-PIGEON, RING-DOVE, OR CUSHAT. 
(PLATE 16.) 
Columba palumbus (part) Blyth, J.A.S.B., XIV p. 866. 
Palumbus torquatus var.? Blyth, Cat. B.M.A.S.B., p. 233. 
Palumbus casiotis Bp., Con. Av., IL p. 42; Jerdon, B.I., III p. 464; 
Stoliczka, J.A.S.B., XXXVII pt. 2 p. 66; Cock and Marsh, Str. Feath., 
I p. 358; Hume, Nests and Eggs, p. 497; id., Str. Feath., VIII p. 109; 
id., Cat. no. 784; Butler, Str. Feath., VIIL pp. 386, 500; id. ib., IX 
p. 298; Barnes, ib., pp. 218, 457 ; Swinhoe, ib., p. 237; Oates, in Hume’s 
Nests and Eggs, 2nd ed., p. 346; Blanf., Avi. Brit. I., IV p. 34; 
Marshall, J.B.N.H.S., XV p. 352; Ward, ib., p. 943; Magrath, ib., 
XIX p. 142; Perreau, ib., XIX p. 919; Whitehead, ib., XX p. 967. 
Columba casiotis Salvadori, Cat. B.M., XXI p. 302; Sharpe, Hand-List, 
I p. 70; Oates, Cat. Eggs B.M., I p. 91. 
Vernacular Name. Dahnud, Hin., Chamba. 
Description.—Adult male. Whole head and neck dark grey, the chin 
and throat sometimes slightly paler than the rest, the lower hind-neck glossed 
with green- or purple-copper according to the light in which the bird is seen ; 
a broad buff semi-collar on the lower hind-neck and shoulders, interrupted 
in the middle with grey, glossed as in the neck ; below the buff collar there 
is a broad expanse all round the shoulders glossed with green and purple; 
but the green is the dominant sheen next the collar, and the copper-purple 
more strong below this next the back, so that in the same light the green 
and purple reflections are both visible at the same time on these two portions. 
Upper-back, scapulars, quills, smaller and median coverts, light earth-brown, 
changing to grey on the outer median coverts; outermost secondary-coverts 
pure white on the outer web, and those next them with a white border forming 
two oblique bands of white across the wing; edge of shoulder of wing and 
primary-coverts dark brown, the inner ones grey on the outer webs and edged 
white ; the primaries are also edged white on the outer webs. Back, rump, 
and upper tail-coverts dark ashy-grey; tail brownish-black with a broad 
grey band across the middle, lighter and broader on the outermost feathers. 
Breast vinous-pink, darkest next to the neck and gradually becoming paler 
and changing to pale dove-grey on the flanks, abdomen, and under tail-coverts. 
Tail below black with a broad white band across the middle corresponding 
to the grey band above. 
Colours of soft parts. Irides pale yellow, yellowish-white, or almost 
white ; cere of bill almost white, base of bill carmine-orange or orange-red, 
whitish-livid in the centre and orange at the tip; legs and feet coral-red, 
not very bright. 
