(40) STREPTOPELIA TURTUR FERRAGO (Eversm.). 
THE INDIAN TURTLE-DOVE. 
Columba meena 3 Sykes, P.Z.S. 1832, p. 149. 
Turtur auritus Vigne (nec Auct.), P.Z.S. 1841, p. 6. 
Columba ferrago Eversm., Add. ad Zoogr. Rosso-As., fasc. mt p. 17 (1842). 
Columba pulcrata Hodg., in Gray’s Zool. Misc., p. 85 (1844). 
Columba orientalis Layard (nec Lath.), Ann. Mag. N.H. (?), XIV p. 62. 
Turtur ferrago Wardl. Ramsay, Ibis 1880, p. 68 ; Salvadori, Cat. B.M., XXI 
p. 401; Blanf., Avi. Brit. I, IV p. 41; Sharpe, Hand-List, I p. 78; 
Oates, Cat. Eggs, B.M. I p. 95; Wilson, J.B.N.H.S. XII p. 639; Inglis, 
ib., XIV p. 562; Foulton, ib., XVI p. 60; Inglis, ib., p. 73; Rattray, 
ib., p. 663; Ward, ib., XVII p. 943; Magrath, ib., XVIII p. 298; id 
ib., XIX p. 155; Perreau, ib., p. 919; Whitehead, ib., XX p. 967; 
id. ib., XXI p. 161. 
Turtur vitticollis Hume, Lath. to Yark., p. 274. 
Turtur pulchrata Hume, Nests and Eggs, p. 500; Butler and Hume, Str. 
Feath., IV p. 3; Hume, ib., VI p. 421; Butler, ib., IX p. 420; Reid, 
ib., X p. 60; Davidson, ib., p. 315; Davison, ib., p. 407; Barnes, B. 
Bom., p. 290. 
Turtur pulchratus Hume, Str. Feath., VIII p. 110; id., Cat. no. 792; Legge, 
B. Cey., p. 711; Barnes and Davidson, J.B.N.H.S., V p. 330. 
Turtur pulchrala Oates, in Hume’s Nests and Eggs, 2nd ed., II p. 349. 
Vernacular Names. Koin, Chamba; Hulagud, Mahr.; Powari, Marie 
Gond.; Kullah, Behari; Lal Punduk, Hin.; Pahari Perki, Lucknow ; Ram 
Ghaghu, Bengali; Lali Kopu-hu, Assamese; Hagrani Daotu, Cachari. 
Description.—Adult male. Similar to Streptopelia turtur orientalis, but 
differs in being still paler below ; the chin and centre of the throat are albes- 
cent, the whole of the abdomen from the breast downwards is white or nearly 
so, the under-tail coverts are white and the tip of the tail and edge of the 
outer-web of the outermost feather are either pure white or very pale-grey ; 
the under wing-coverts and flanks are a paler, purer grey also than in either 
Sykes’s or the Rufous Turtle-Dove. 
Dimensions. About 13.5 in. ( = 343 mm.) ; wing 6.65 in. ( = 169 mm.) 
to 7.85 in. (= 199.4 mm.), average about 7.50 in. (= 190.5 mm.); tail 5 in. 
( = 127 mm.) to 5.75 in. (= 146 mm.); bill at front about .65 in. ( = 16.5 
mm.), and from gape about .95 in. ( = 24.1 mm.); tarsus .85 in. (= 21.6 mm.). 
Colours of soft parts. Bill dusky-horny, reddish on base and on cere, and 
quite a purple on the latter in some cases; irides bright cinnamon-brown, 
orange, reddish-orange or golden-yellow ; feet dull red, lake-red, or reddish- 
purple, the soles paler and the claws blackish-horny. 
The female does not differ from the male in coloration or size or in the 
colour of the soft parts. 
